A computer has to send a packet to a destination host in the same lan. how will the packet be sent?

In this article This article is intended as a general introduction to the concepts of Internet Protocol (IP) networks and subnetting. A glossary is included at the end of article. Applies to: Windows 10 - all editions Original KB number: 164015 Summary When you configure the TCP/IP protocol on a Windows computer, the TCP/IP configuration settings require: • An IP address • A subnet mask • A default gateway To configure TCP/IP correctly, it's necessary to understand how TCP/IP networks are addressed and divided into networks and subnetworks. The success of TCP/IP as the network protocol of the Internet is largely because of its ability to connect together networks of different sizes and systems of different types. These networks are arbitrarily defined into three main classes (along with a few others) that have predefined sizes. Each of them can be divided into smaller subnetworks by system administrators. A subnet mask is used to divide an IP address into two parts. One part identifies the host (computer), the other part identifies the network to which it belongs. To better understand how IP addresses and subnet masks work, look at an IP address and see how it's organized. IP addresses: Networks and hosts An IP address is a 32-bit number. It uniquely identifies a host (computer or other device, such as a printer or router) on a TCP/IP network. IP addresses are normally expressed in dotted-decimal format, with four numbers separated by periods, such as 192.168.123.132. To u...

By • What is Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)? Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a procedure for mapping a dynamic The job of ARP is essentially to translate 32-bit addresses to 48-bit addresses and vice versa. This is necessary because IP addresses in IP version 4 (IPv4) are 32 bits, but MAC addresses are 48 bits. ARP works between Layers 2 and 3 of the Open Systems Interconnection model ( ARP can also be used for IP over other LAN technologies, such as token ring, fiber distributed data interface ( How ARP works When a new computer joins a LAN, it is assigned a unique IP address to use for identification and communication. When an incoming All operating systems in an IPv4 ARP broadcasts a request packet to all the machines on the LAN and asks if any of the machines are using that particular IP address. When a machine recognizes the IP address as its own, it sends a reply so ARP can update the cache for future reference and proceed with the communication. Host machines that don't know their own IP address can use the Reverse ARP ( ARP cache size is limited and is periodically cleansed of all entries to free up space. Addresses tend to stay in the cache for only a few minutes. Frequent updates enable other devices in the network to see when a physical host changes their requested IP addresses. In the cleaning process, unused entries are deleted along with any unsuccessful attempts to communicate with computers that are not currently powered on. ARP translates IP addres...

• If the destination host is present in the same network, then the packet is delivered directly to the destination host. • If the destination host is present in a different network then the packet is delivered to the default gateway first which in turn delivers the packet to the destination host. • If ARP is not resolved then ARP will be resolved first. • MAC address never crosses its broadcast domain. Explanation – Here is a topology, in which there is host A (IP address – 10.0.0.10 and MAC address – 000D.BD22.7C22), host C (IP address – 10.0.0.9), host B (IP address – 20.0.0.10), host C (IP address-20.0.0.9 and MAC address – 00E0.A3E2.03DC) and the router (IP address – 10.0.0.20 and MAC address – 000B.BE8E.5201 on fa0/0,IP address – 20.0.0.20 and MAC address – 000B.BE8E.5202 on fa0/1 ). Now we will try to ping from host A (IP address – 10.0.0.10) to host B (IP address – 20.0.0.10). First, AND operation is performed by source host between source IP address, source subnet mask, and destination IP address, source subnet mask to know if the destination is present in same or different network. If the result is the same then the destination is in the same network otherwise in a different network. Here, the destination is present in different networks, therefore, the result will be different and the packet will be delivered to a default gateway. We see that 2 messages are generated ICMP(purple) and ARP(green). ARP has been generated because ARP has not been resolved. Now as the...

By • Technical Writer • What is a network packet and how does it work? A network packet is a basic unit of data that's grouped together and transferred over a A network packet has three parts: the packet header, payload and trailer. The size and structure of a network packet are dependent on the underlying network structure or A network packet works by choosing the best route available to its destination This is a route taken by all the other packets within a message, making the network traffic more efficient in terms of balancing a load across various pieces of equipment. For instance, if there's an issue with a piece of equipment during message transmission, the packets are redirected through Generally, most networks today operate on the TCP/IP stack, which makes it possible for devices connected to the internet to communicate with one another across different networks. What are the parts of a network packet? Network packets are similar in function to a postal package. A network packet or unit of data goes through the process of , which adds information to it as it travels toward its destination and marks where it begins and ends. A network packet is made up of the following three parts: An IPv4 packet comprises the following components. • Packet header. The header is the beginning or front part of a packet. Any processing or receiving device, such as a router or a switch, sees the header first. The following 13 fields are included in an • Version. This field indicates t...

Introduction to Networks ( Version 7.00) – Modules 8 – 10: Communicating Between Networks Exam 1. Which information is used by routers to forward a data packet toward its destination? • source IP address • destination IP address • source data-link address • destination data-link address 2. A computer has to send a packet to a destination host in the same LAN. How will the packet be sent? • The packet will be sent to the default gateway first, and then, depending on the response from the gateway, it may be sent to the destination host. • The packet will be sent directly to the destination host. • The packet will first be sent to the default gateway, and then from the default gateway it will be sent directly to the destination host. • The packet will be sent only to the default gateway. 3. A router receives a packet from the Gigabit 0/0 interface and determines that the packet needs to be forwarded out the Gigabit 0/1 interface. What will the router do next? • route the packet out the Gigabit 0/1 interface • create a new Layer 2 Ethernet frame to be sent to the destination • look into the ARP cache to determine the destination IP address • look into the routing table to determine if the destination network is in the routing table 4. Which IPv4 address can a host use to ping the loopback interface? • 126.0.0.1 • 127.0.0.0 • 126.0.0.0 • 127.0.0.1 5. A computer can access devices on the same network but cannot access devices on other networks. What is the probable cause of this...

When a host attempts to communicate with another device using TCP/IP, it performs a comparison process using the defined subnet mask and the destination IP address versus the subnet mask and its own IP address. The result of this comparison tells the computer whether the destination is a local host or a remote host. If the result of this process determines the destination to be a local host, then the computer will send the packet on the local subnet. If the result of the comparison determines the destination to be a remote host, then the computer will forward the packet to the default gateway defined in its TCP/IP properties. It's then the responsibility of the router to forward the packet to the correct subnet. Where is the packet sent if it is determined to be for an host on local network? Is it directly sent to destination computer? No, a frame may pass through a switch (assuming the data-link protocol is ethernet, but remember that there are other datalink protocols). Packets are layer-3 datagrams that get encapsulated in layer-2 datagrams (frames) for delivery on the LAN. The frames do not survive a router, where the frames are stripped off the packets so that the packets can be forwarded to a different network. A router is not involved in local traffic, only traffic to a different network. @RonTrunk While I've rarely seen an actual hardware implementation of a switch in consumer models the functionality is still there as they generally simply emulate the same functio...