A scientist gets an idea on how to make biodegradable plastics. how can this idea be patented by the scientist?

4 Recent research has shown that acetylsalicylic acid, along with the already known benefits, also has beneficial effects against cancer. If an application for a patent is filed in India for the use of acetylsalicylic acid for treatment of cancer, for • 10 years • 20 years • A term equal to that for the patent of the main invention (use of acetylsalicylic acid for treatment of fever and pain), or so much thereof as has not expired • None of the above 4 / 10 7 A person resident in India wants to obtain a patent only in the US, UK, Germany and France. What will be your advice? • File a PCT application • Take permission from the Controller before filing an application in the US, UK, Germany and France • Directly go to these countries and file patent applications • A patent application for the same invention should be made in India at least 6 weeks prior to filing abroad • Both 2 and 4 7 / 10 9 In the previous example of a new variety of plant having flowers with medicinal value, protection can be availed for the new plant under: • The Indian Patents Act, 1970 • Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999 • The Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights Act, 2001 • The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 • None of the above 9 / 10 10 A scientist gets an idea on how to make biodegradable plastics. How can this idea be patented by the scientist? • By first publishing the process in scientific journals and then filing a patent application w...

A research team at the US Department of Energy’s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and the University of California (UC), Berkeley has developed a biodegradable plastic that actually disappears, and that — What is Happening? • While biodegradable plastics have been touted as a solution to plastic pollution, in practice, they don’t work as advertised because biodegradability doesn’t equal compostability. • By studying nature, the team has developed a process that actually breaks down biodegradable plastics with just heat and water in a period of weeks. The research team published their findings in Nature and it could be a game changer for the plastic pollution crisis plaguing the planet. Humans have tossed 6.3 billion metric tons of plastic since the 1950s and only recycled 600 million metric tons, leaving 4.9 billion metric tons sitting in landfills or otherwise polluting the environment, according to BBC Future . • Plastic does not disintegrate, but breaks apart into smaller pieces called microplastics, which have made its way into every crevice of the planet, from the Mariana Trench to Mount Everest, and even our bodies. • Biodegradable plastics were touted as the solution to this, but according to the research team, ther e are three main limitations: they get missorted and contaminate recyclable plastics, they end up in landfills, where the conditions are not suitable for plastic breakdown, so they last as long as forever plastics and when they are co...

1 2 'Plugging in' to produce environmentally friendly bioplastics Agriculture byproducts can help produce eco-friendly, biodegradable plastics Date: June 30, 2021 Source: Texas A&M AgriLife Communications Summary: Bioplastics -- biodegradable plastics made from biological substances rather than petroleum -- can be created in a more economical and environmentally friendly way from the byproducts of corn stubble, grasses and mesquite agricultural production, according to a new study. Share: Bioplastics -- biodegradable plastics made from biological substances rather than petroleum -- can be created in a more economical and environmentally friendly way from the byproducts of corn stubble, grasses and mesquite agricultural production, according to a new study by a Texas A&M AgriLife Research scientist. This new approach involves a "plug-in" preconditioning process, a simple adjustment for biofuel refineries, said Joshua Yuan, Ph.D., AgriLife Research scientist, professor and chair of Synthetic Biology and Renewable Products in the Texas A&M College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Department of Plant Pathology. These "plug-in" technologies allow for optimization of sustainable, cost-effective lignin -- the key component of bioplastics used in food packaging and other everyday items. The $2.4 million project is funded by the U.S. Department of Energy's Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Bioenergy Technologies Office. The research has recently been published in Nature Commun...

GAINESVILLE, Fla. — The term “bioplastics” describes plastics made of a biological source, as opposed to traditional plastics made of petroleum. But as products using bioplastics increasingly become fixtures on store shelves, consumers may not understand the various terminology used to describe them. “These days, I get asked about bioplastics a lot,” said Maia McGuire, a University of Florida/IFAS Extension Florida Sea Grant agent based in Flagler County. “There seems to be an increased awareness of plastic being a problem and people wanting to do better. They see products labeled as ‘biodegradable,’ ‘compostable,’ ‘green’ – and they want to believe that those products are better for the environment without necessarily knowing how to research what to look for or how to interpret the labeling.” The frequent questions inspired McGuire to publish a document on UF/IFAS Extension’s online collection, EDIS, titled “ The document delves into the subtle differences among four bioplastic varieties – cellulose acetate, bio-derived plastics, polylactic acid (PLA) and Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) plastic – and explains the standards and guidelines set for these terms. Below, she addresses more generally a few commonly asked questions. What exactly are bioplastics? “The prefix ‘bio-’ denotes that the plastic is made from a biological source, typically a plant but it can be a bacteria-based source. But ‘bioplastic’ is a huge umbrella that lots of sources fit under. If something is bioplas...

• Categories • Advancing Materials • Advancing Mining • Analyzing Metals • Ask a Scientist • Behind the Bench • Biotech at Scale • Clinical Conversations • Examining Food • Identifying Threats • Illuminating Semiconductors • Life in Atomic Resolution • Life in the Lab • OEMpowered • The Connected Lab • About Us • Contact Our recent post, Strategies for Recycling Polyethylene, explained some of the reasons why plastic recycling efforts could use some improvement. Plastics are petroleum-based products, which makes them inexpensive to produce but environmentally problematic. Our post discussed research to convert polyethylene back to petroleum. Other projects are focused on improving biodegradable plastic. Biodegradable plastic sounds like a good idea but so far it hasn’t been a very successful one. Plastic pollution in the world’s oceans is a significant problem, to which so-called biodegradable plastics are a contributor. Jacqueline McGlade, chief scientist at the UN Environment Programme, told A Nature Chemistry. The development of truly biodegradable plastic will be a welcome addition to current efforts to reduce plastic pollution. According to the Plastic must be properly identified, sorted, and cleaned before it can be recycled. Failing to do so can cause major equipment damage. The various plastic grades have different melting temperatures which can vary widely; feeding the wrong plastic grade into the extrusion furnace can result in furnace damage, production shut dow...

• • • • Plastics Industry Struggles With Biodegradability New ASTM regulations promise to set clear definitions, enabling scientists to develop truly degradable plastics WASHINGTON--The growing public demand for truly biodegradable plastics has gone unfulfilled, in part because of a lack of agreement on what "biodegradability" means. But a new and comprehensive set of standards to define and measure such natural polymers, due out this spring, promises to help clear up the confusion within the scientific community as well as society at large. "The n New ASTM regulations promise to set clear definitions, enabling scientists to develop truly degradable plastics WASHINGTON--The growing public demand for truly biodegradable plastics has gone unfulfilled, in part because of a lack of agreement on what "biodegradability" means. But a new and comprehensive set of standards to define and measure such natural polymers, due out this spring, promises to help clear up the confusion within the scientific community as well as society at large. "The new standards will help scientists to design new biodegradable plastics," says Ramani Narayan, chairman of the subcommittee on environmentally degradable plastics for the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), which is developing the standards. Scientists across a broad spectrum of disciplines, from physics to ecology to chemical engineering, working in university and industry labs as well as at government research centers, expect ...

• • • • Plastics Industry Struggles With Biodegradability New ASTM regulations promise to set clear definitions, enabling scientists to develop truly degradable plastics WASHINGTON--The growing public demand for truly biodegradable plastics has gone unfulfilled, in part because of a lack of agreement on what "biodegradability" means. But a new and comprehensive set of standards to define and measure such natural polymers, due out this spring, promises to help clear up the confusion within the scientific community as well as society at large. "The n New ASTM regulations promise to set clear definitions, enabling scientists to develop truly degradable plastics WASHINGTON--The growing public demand for truly biodegradable plastics has gone unfulfilled, in part because of a lack of agreement on what "biodegradability" means. But a new and comprehensive set of standards to define and measure such natural polymers, due out this spring, promises to help clear up the confusion within the scientific community as well as society at large. "The new standards will help scientists to design new biodegradable plastics," says Ramani Narayan, chairman of the subcommittee on environmentally degradable plastics for the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), which is developing the standards. Scientists across a broad spectrum of disciplines, from physics to ecology to chemical engineering, working in university and industry labs as well as at government research centers, expect ...

GAINESVILLE, Fla. — The term “bioplastics” describes plastics made of a biological source, as opposed to traditional plastics made of petroleum. But as products using bioplastics increasingly become fixtures on store shelves, consumers may not understand the various terminology used to describe them. “These days, I get asked about bioplastics a lot,” said Maia McGuire, a University of Florida/IFAS Extension Florida Sea Grant agent based in Flagler County. “There seems to be an increased awareness of plastic being a problem and people wanting to do better. They see products labeled as ‘biodegradable,’ ‘compostable,’ ‘green’ – and they want to believe that those products are better for the environment without necessarily knowing how to research what to look for or how to interpret the labeling.” The frequent questions inspired McGuire to publish a document on UF/IFAS Extension’s online collection, EDIS, titled “ The document delves into the subtle differences among four bioplastic varieties – cellulose acetate, bio-derived plastics, polylactic acid (PLA) and Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) plastic – and explains the standards and guidelines set for these terms. Below, she addresses more generally a few commonly asked questions. What exactly are bioplastics? “The prefix ‘bio-’ denotes that the plastic is made from a biological source, typically a plant but it can be a bacteria-based source. But ‘bioplastic’ is a huge umbrella that lots of sources fit under. If something is bioplas...

1 2 'Plugging in' to produce environmentally friendly bioplastics Agriculture byproducts can help produce eco-friendly, biodegradable plastics Date: June 30, 2021 Source: Texas A&M AgriLife Communications Summary: Bioplastics -- biodegradable plastics made from biological substances rather than petroleum -- can be created in a more economical and environmentally friendly way from the byproducts of corn stubble, grasses and mesquite agricultural production, according to a new study. Share: Bioplastics -- biodegradable plastics made from biological substances rather than petroleum -- can be created in a more economical and environmentally friendly way from the byproducts of corn stubble, grasses and mesquite agricultural production, according to a new study by a Texas A&M AgriLife Research scientist. This new approach involves a "plug-in" preconditioning process, a simple adjustment for biofuel refineries, said Joshua Yuan, Ph.D., AgriLife Research scientist, professor and chair of Synthetic Biology and Renewable Products in the Texas A&M College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Department of Plant Pathology. These "plug-in" technologies allow for optimization of sustainable, cost-effective lignin -- the key component of bioplastics used in food packaging and other everyday items. The $2.4 million project is funded by the U.S. Department of Energy's Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Bioenergy Technologies Office. The research has recently been published in Nature Commun...

A research team at the US Department of Energy’s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and the University of California (UC), Berkeley has developed a biodegradable plastic that actually disappears, and that — What is Happening? • While biodegradable plastics have been touted as a solution to plastic pollution, in practice, they don’t work as advertised because biodegradability doesn’t equal compostability. • By studying nature, the team has developed a process that actually breaks down biodegradable plastics with just heat and water in a period of weeks. The research team published their findings in Nature and it could be a game changer for the plastic pollution crisis plaguing the planet. Humans have tossed 6.3 billion metric tons of plastic since the 1950s and only recycled 600 million metric tons, leaving 4.9 billion metric tons sitting in landfills or otherwise polluting the environment, according to BBC Future . • Plastic does not disintegrate, but breaks apart into smaller pieces called microplastics, which have made its way into every crevice of the planet, from the Mariana Trench to Mount Everest, and even our bodies. • Biodegradable plastics were touted as the solution to this, but according to the research team, ther e are three main limitations: they get missorted and contaminate recyclable plastics, they end up in landfills, where the conditions are not suitable for plastic breakdown, so they last as long as forever plastics and when they are co...