Adaptive radiation

• Article • 26 August 2020 The ecological and genomic basis of explosive adaptive radiation • • ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-7258-141X • • • ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-0241-1685 • • ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-2100-9181 • • • ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-7507-6494 • … • ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-6598-1434 Show authors Nature volume 586, pages 75–79 ( 2020) Open Access articles citing this article. • • M. Emília Santos • , João F. Lopes • & Claudius F. Kratochwil EvoDevo Open Access 05 January 2023 • • Shunsuke Kanamori • , Luis M. Díaz • … Masakado Kawata BMC Ecology and Evolution Open Access 04 November 2022 • • Mark Pagel • , Ciara O’Donovan • & Andrew Meade Nature Communications Open Access 02 March 2022 Access options • Otte, D. & Endler, J. Speciation and its Consequences (Sinauer, 1989). • Coyne, J. A. & Orr, H. A. Speciation (Sinauer, 2004). • Gavrilets, S. Fitness Landscapes and the Origin of Species (MPB-41) Vol. 41 (Princeton Univ. Press, 2004). • Dieckmann, U., Doebeli, M., Metz, J. A. & Tautz, D. (eds) Adaptive Speciation (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2004). • Mayr, E. & Diamond, J. M. The Birds of Northern Melanesia: Speciation, Ecology & Biogeography (Oxford Univ. Press, 2001). • Nosil, P. Ecological Speciation (Oxford Univ. Press, 2012). • Seehausen, O. et al. Genomics and the origin of species. Nat. Rev. Genet. 15, 176–192 (2014). • Wolf, J. B. & Ellegren, H. Making sense of genomic islands of differentiation in light of speciation. Nat. Rev. Genet. 18, 87–100 (2017)...

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It is well known that ecological and evolutionary processes act in concert while shaping biological communities. Diversification can, for example, arise through ecological opportunity and adaptive radiations and competition play an essential role in such diversification. Eco-evolutionary components of competition are thus important for our understanding of community assembly. Such understanding in turn facilitates interpretation of trait- and phylogenetic community patterns in the light of the processes that shape them. Here, I investigate the link between competition, diversification, and trait- and phylogenetic- community patterns using a trait-based model of adaptive radiations. I evaluate the paradigm that competition is an ecological process that drives large trait- and phylogenetic community distances through limiting similarity. Contrary to the common view, I identify low or in some cases counterintuitive relationships between competition and mean phylogenetic distances due to diversification late in evolutionary time and peripheral parts of niche space when competition is weak. Community patterns as a function of competition also change as diversification progresses as the relationship between competition and trait similarity among species can flip from positive to negative with time. The results thus provide novel perspectives on community assembly and emphasize the importance of acknowledging eco-evolutionary processes when interpreting community data. Overlappin...

36 Adaptive Radiation Adaptive Radiation In some cases, a population of one species disperses throughout an area, and each finds a distinct niche or isolated habitat. Over time, the varied demands of their new lifestyles lead to multiple speciation events originating from a single species. We call this adaptive radiation because many adaptations evolve from a single point of origin; thus, causing the species to radiate into several new ones. Island archipelagos like the Hawaiian Islands provide an ideal context for adaptive radiation events because water surrounds each island which leads to geographical isolation for many organisms. The Hawaiian honeycreeper illustrates one example of adaptive radiation. From a single species, the founder species, numerous species have evolved, including the six in Figure 1. Figure 1: The honeycreeper birds illustrate adaptive radiation. From one original species of bird, multiple others evolved, each with its own distinctive characteristics. Notice the differences in the species’ beaks in Figure 1. Evolution in response to natural selection based on specific food sources in each new habitat led to evolution of a different beak suited to the specific food source. The seed-eating bird has a thicker, stronger beak which is suited to break hard nuts. The nectar-eating birds have long beaks to dip into flowers to reach the nectar. The insect-eating birds have beaks like swords, appropriate for stabbing and impaling insects. Darwin’s finches ar...

• العربية • Azərbaycanca • Български • Bosanski • Català • Cebuano • Čeština • Deutsch • Eesti • Español • Esperanto • Euskara • فارسی • Français • Gaeilge • Galego • 한국어 • Bahasa Indonesia • Italiano • ქართული • Kreyòl ayisyen • Kurdî • Кыргызча • Latviešu • Magyar • Македонски • Nederlands • 日本語 • Norsk bokmål • Norsk nynorsk • Polski • Português • Русский • Simple English • Slovenčina • Српски / srpski • Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски • Suomi • Svenska • Tagalog • ไทย • Türkçe • Українська • اردو • 粵語 • 中文 • v • t • e In adaptive radiation is a process in which organisms diversify rapidly from an ancestral species into a multitude of new forms, particularly when a change in the environment makes new resources available, alters biotic interactions or opens new Characteristics [ ] Four features can be used to identify an adaptive radiation: • A common ancestry of component species: specifically a recent ancestry. Note that this is not the same as a all descendants of a common ancestor are included. • A phenotype-environment correlation: a significant association between environments and the morphological and physiological traits used to exploit those environments. • Trait utility: the performance or • Rapid speciation: presence of one or more bursts in the emergence of new species around the time that ecological and phenotypic divergence is underway. Conditions [ ] Adaptive radiations are thought to be triggered by an ecological opportunity Occupying a new environment mi...