Algae based biodiesel reading answers

Related documents • Template - Week 6 - CMSA - W22 - Pictures • Essay Template APA • Contrast Between Past Generations to Current • Paramedics Facing PTSD • Cystic Fibrosis Imbalances • Cystic Fibrosis Imbalance Report Preview text 1 Algae Biofuels as a Future Source of Renewable Energy Name: Emily Pan (8427684) Course: COMM1085-18F-Sec55 Instructor: Lisa Onbelet Due Date: Nov. 20, 2018 2 Introduction The world energy needs for electrical power generation and transportation are mainly from fossil fuels. Due to non-renewable, finite resources of fossil fuel, increasing use of fossil fuels and increasing greenhouse gas emissions (Hanon et al, 2010, p), the world has been faced energy crisis and global warming (Medipally et al, 2014, p. 1) and needs alternative energy sources such as wind, solar and biofuels to replace or supplement fossil fuels (Alam, 2012, p. 221). Biofuels are renewable energy sources and defined as “any liquid fuel made from plant material that can be used as a substitute to petroleum-derived fuel” (Kakkar, 2017, para. 1). Currently produced biofuels are from biomass such as corn starch, sugar cane or sugar beet, and oil crops, which are human food stock and can cause food shortage in developing countries (Alam, 2012, p. 221). Microalgae have much faster growth rates than terrestrial crops (Selim & Haik, 2012, p. 54) and oil contents of some microalgae account for up to about 80% of their dry weight (Alam et al, 2012, p. 223). Microalgae consu...

Concerns about the rapid depletion of fossil fuels, energy security, climate change due to global warming, environmental pollution, and faster increase of fossil fuel prices have drawn attention to researchers, the scientific community, and government policymakers to develop alternative energy sources for reducing dependence on fossil fuel. In recent years, microalgae culture has received significant attention due to its potential application for bioenergy production, wastewater treatment, industrial CO 2 removal, and production of biochemical compounds that can be used for human and animal health and other benefits. However, large-scale microalgae production and their processing for producing various products and by-products could have environmental impacts beyond energy consumption in the microalgal production process. This article has reviewed the environmental effects of microalgae-based biofuel production on water resources and quality, eutrophication, biodiversity, waterborne toxicant, algal toxicity, wastewater remediation or treatment, waste generation, and greenhouse gas land-use changes, and genetically engineered microalgae.

Contents • 1 Questions 1 – 5 • 2 Questions 6 – 10 • 3 Questions 11 – 13 • 3.1 Reading answers A The world’s first wild algae biodiesel, produced in New Zealand by Aquaflow Bionomic Corporation, was successfully test-driven in Wellington by the Minister for Energy and Climate Change Issues, David Parker. In front of a crowd of invited guests, media and members of the public, the Minister filled up a diesel-powered Land Rover with Aquaflow B5 blend bio-diesel and then drove the car around the forecourt of Parliament Buildings in Central Wellington. Green Party co-leader, Jeanette Fitzsimons was also on board. Marlborough-based Aquaflow announced on May 2006 that it had produced the world’s first bio-diesel derived from wild microalgae sourced from local sewage ponds. B “We believe we are the first company in the world to test drive a car powered by wild algae-based biodiesel. This will come as a surprise to some international bio-diesel industry people who believe that this break-through is still years away,” explains Aquaflow spokesperson Barrie Leay. “A bunch of inventive Kiwis and an Aussie have developed this fuel in just over a year”, he comments. “This is a huge opportunity for New Zealand and a great credit to the team of people who saw the potential in this technology from day one.” C Bio-diesel based on algae could eventually become a sustainable, low cost, cleaner-burning fuel alternative for New Zealand, powering family cars, trucks, buses and boats. It can also b...

Aqua Product: New zealand ‘s Algae Biodiesel A The world’s first wild algae biodiesel, produced in New Zealand by Aquaflow Bionomic Corporation, was successfully test-driven in Wellington by the Minister for Energy and Climate Change Issues, David Parker. In front of a crowd of invited guests, media and members of the public, the Minister filled up a diesel-powered Land Rover with Aquaflow B5 blend bio-diesel and then drove the car around the forecourt of Parliament Buildings in Central Wellington. Green Party co-leader, Jeanette Fitzsimons was also on board. Marlborough-based Aquaflow announced on May 2006 that it had produced the world’s first bio-diesel derived from wild microalgae sourced from local sewage ponds. B “We believe we are the first company in the world to test drive a car powered by wild algae-based biodiesel. This will come as a surprise to some international bio-diesel industry people who believe that this break-through is still years away,” explains Aquaflow spokesperson Barrie Leay. “A bunch of inventive Kiwis and an Aussie have developed this fuel in just over a year”, he comments. “This is a huge opportunity for New Zealand and a great credit to the team of people who saw the potential in this technology from day one.” C Bio-diesel based on algae could eventually become a sustainable, low cost, cleaner-burning fuel alternative for New Zealand, powering family cars, trucks, buses and boats. It can also be used for other purposes such as heating or dist...

Aqua product New Zealand’s Igae Biodiesel A. The world’s first wild algae biodiesel produced in New Zealand by Aquaflow Bionomic Corporation, was successfully test driven in Wellington by the Minister for Energy and Climate Change Issues, David Parker. In front of a crowd of invited guests, media and members of the public, the Minister filled up a diesel-powered Land Rover with Aquaflow B5 blend bio-diesel and then drove the car around the forecourt of Parliament Buildings in Central Wellington. Green Party co-leader, Jeanette Fitzsimons was also on board. Marlborough- based Aquaflow announced in May 2006 that it had produced the world’s first bio-diesel derived from wild microalgae sourced from local sewage ponds. B. “We believe we are the first company in the world to test drive a car powered by wild algae-based biodiesel. This will come as a surprise to some international bio-diesel industry people who believe that this break-through is still years away” explains Aquaflow spokesperson Barrie Leay. “A bunch of inventive Kiwis, and an Aussie, have developed this fuel in just over a year”, he comments. “This is a huge opportunity for New Zealand and a great credit to the team of people who saw the potential in this technology from day one.” C. Bio-diesel based on algae could Vegetable oil E10 Diesel eventually become a sustainable, low cost, cleaner burning fuel alternative for New Zealand, powering family cars, trucks, buses and boats. It can also be used for other purpos...

A. The world’s first wild algae biodiesel, produced in New Zealand by Aquaflow Bionomic Corporation, was successfully test-driven in Wellington by the Minister for Energy and Climate Change Issues, David Parker. In front of a crowd of invited guests, media and members of the public, the Minister filled up a diesel-powered Land Rover with Aquaflow B5 blend bio-diesel and then drove the car around the forecourt of Parliament Buildings in Central Wellington. Green Party co-leader, Jeanette Fitzsimons was also on board. Marlborough-based Aquaflow announced on May 2006 that it had produced the world’s first bio-diesel derived from wild microalgae sourced from local sewage ponds. B. “We believe we are the first company in the world to test drive a car powered by wild algae-based biodiesel. This will come as a surprise to some international bio-diesel industry people who believe that this break-through is still years away,” explains Aquaflow spokesperson Barrie Leay. “A bunch of inventive Kiwis and an Aussie have developed this fuel in just over a year”, he comments. “This is a huge opportunity for New Zealand and a great credit to the team of people who saw the potential in this technology from day one.” C. Bio-diesel based on algae could eventually become a sustainable, low cost, cleaner-burning fuel alternative for New Zealand, powering family cars, trucks, buses and boats. It can also be used for other purposes such as heating or distributed electricity generation. There is n...

Emma - I'm riding on one of Cambridge's bio buses, so named because they run on 100% biodiesel. At the moment this comes from recycled cooking oil, but in the not-so-distant future, biodiesel could come from quite a different source - algae. Joining me on board are three researchers from the Department of Plant Sciences at Cambridge University: Elena Kazamia, Jit Ern Chen, and Dr. Nic Ross. They all work with algae, and they're here to tell me about its potential as a fuel source. Elena - We're definitely running out fossil fuels, and even if we are not running out any time soon, we are definitely running out of cheap fuel, so the necessity for biofuels is increasing. Algae are a very general group of organisms - pretty much anything that lives in water and photosynthesises is algae. They can be single-celled or enormous - giant kelp for example, the big seaweed, is also technically algae. There are many reasons why we prefer to grow algae on a large scale for biodiesel production over any conventional land plant: algae do not grow on arable land so you're not competing with food production. Emma - So how do you get from algae photosynthesising the sort of diesel that you could put into a car or into a bus? Elena - Some algae, much like the cells in our bodies, store energy in the form of lipid. Some algal species can have up to 70% of their mass in oil, and so all you need to do is break that cell open and release the fuel molecules. You can do that either using solvents ...

Media Platforms Design Team Ubiquitous and easy to grow, algae has long been a promising biomass-to-fuel candidate in the eyes of researchers. Now algae is a burgeoning sector in biofuels with several high-profile start-ups, including Craig Venter's Synthetic Genomics, and the interest of big-time investors like Bill Gates and ExxonMobil. Of course, hurdles still exist to make a competitive fuel. Algal biofuels still cost too much to produce— 1.Algenol Biofuels The Project /// $850 million committed to build algae farm that sells ethanol fuel for $3 per gallon The Location /// Sonoran Desert (Mexico) The Technology /// The company's goal is to produce fuel directly from the algae without killing or harvesting the creatures, allowing for a shorter turnaround time to make fuel. The company claims its process lets it make around 6000 gallons per acre per year. To Market /// Production is expected to begin by the end of 2010. Algenol intends to produce 1 billion gallons annually by 2012. They say their production costs will be around 85 cents per gallon. 2.Solix Biofuels The Project /// A demonstration facility that could produce up to 3000 gallons of algal biofuels per acre per year by the end of 2009 The Location /// Coyote Gulch, Colo. The Technology /// Solix uses specialized photo-bioreactors in which batches of microalgal cultures are grown in large, closed-growth chambers under controlled light and temperature conditions. The company claims its closed systems can produc...

Contents • 1 Questions 1 – 5 • 2 Questions 6 – 10 • 3 Questions 11 – 13 • 3.1 Reading answers A The world’s first wild algae biodiesel, produced in New Zealand by Aquaflow Bionomic Corporation, was successfully test-driven in Wellington by the Minister for Energy and Climate Change Issues, David Parker. In front of a crowd of invited guests, media and members of the public, the Minister filled up a diesel-powered Land Rover with Aquaflow B5 blend bio-diesel and then drove the car around the forecourt of Parliament Buildings in Central Wellington. Green Party co-leader, Jeanette Fitzsimons was also on board. Marlborough-based Aquaflow announced on May 2006 that it had produced the world’s first bio-diesel derived from wild microalgae sourced from local sewage ponds. B “We believe we are the first company in the world to test drive a car powered by wild algae-based biodiesel. This will come as a surprise to some international bio-diesel industry people who believe that this break-through is still years away,” explains Aquaflow spokesperson Barrie Leay. “A bunch of inventive Kiwis and an Aussie have developed this fuel in just over a year”, he comments. “This is a huge opportunity for New Zealand and a great credit to the team of people who saw the potential in this technology from day one.” C Bio-diesel based on algae could eventually become a sustainable, low cost, cleaner-burning fuel alternative for New Zealand, powering family cars, trucks, buses and boats. It can also b...

Aqua product New Zealand’s Igae Biodiesel A. The world’s first wild algae biodiesel produced in New Zealand by Aquaflow Bionomic Corporation, was successfully test driven in Wellington by the Minister for Energy and Climate Change Issues, David Parker. In front of a crowd of invited guests, media and members of the public, the Minister filled up a diesel-powered Land Rover with Aquaflow B5 blend bio-diesel and then drove the car around the forecourt of Parliament Buildings in Central Wellington. Green Party co-leader, Jeanette Fitzsimons was also on board. Marlborough- based Aquaflow announced in May 2006 that it had produced the world’s first bio-diesel derived from wild microalgae sourced from local sewage ponds. B. “We believe we are the first company in the world to test drive a car powered by wild algae-based biodiesel. This will come as a surprise to some international bio-diesel industry people who believe that this break-through is still years away” explains Aquaflow spokesperson Barrie Leay. “A bunch of inventive Kiwis, and an Aussie, have developed this fuel in just over a year”, he comments. “This is a huge opportunity for New Zealand and a great credit to the team of people who saw the potential in this technology from day one.” C. Bio-diesel based on algae could Vegetable oil E10 Diesel eventually become a sustainable, low cost, cleaner burning fuel alternative for New Zealand, powering family cars, trucks, buses and boats. It can also be used for other purpos...