All rights must aim at

WHAT IS THE UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND WHY WAS IT CREATED? The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a document that acts like a global road map for freedom and equality – protecting the rights of every individual, everywhere. It was the first time countries agreed on the freedoms and rights that deserve universal protection in order for every individual to live their lives freely, equ­­ally and in dignity. The UDHR was adopted by the newly established Work on the UDHR began in 1946, with a drafting committee composed of representatives of a wide variety of countries, including the USA, Lebanon and China. The drafting committee was later enlarged to include representatives of Australia, Chile, France, the Soviet Union and the United Kingdom, allowing the document to benefit from contributions of states from all regions, and their diverse religious, political and cultural contexts. The UDHR was then discussed by all members of the UN Commission on Human Rights and finally adopted by the General Assembly in 1948. The Declaration outlines 30 rights and freedoms that belong to all of us and that nobody can take away from us. The rights that were included continue to form the basis for WHAT IS IT DESIGNED TO DO? The UDHR is a milestone document. For the first time, the world had a globally agreed document that marked out all humans as being free and equal, regardless of sex, colour, creed, religion or other characteristics. The 30 rights and freedoms se...

All human activities aim at some end that we consider good. Most activities are a means to a higher end. The highest human good, then, is that activity that is an end in itself. That good is happiness. When we aim at happiness, we do so for its own sake, not because happiness helps us realize some other end. The goal of the Ethics is to determine how best to achieve happiness. This study is necessarily imprecise, since so much depends on particular circumstances. Happiness depends on living in accordance with appropriate virtues. Virtue is a disposition rather than an activity. That is, a virtuous person is naturally disposed to behave in the right ways and for the right reasons, and to feel pleasure in behaving rightly. Virtue is a mean state between the extremes of excess and deficiency. This mean varies from person to person, so there are no hard and fast rules as to how best to avoid vice. Only voluntary actions are praiseworthy or blameworthy. We can define voluntary action as any action that originates in the agent and not in some outside force like a push or a stumble. There are borderline cases, however, as when someone is compelled to behave dishonorably under severe threat. Voluntary action is characterized by rational deliberation and choice, where the agent determines the best course of action by reasoning how best to achieve desirable ends. One by one, Aristotle discusses the various moral virtues and their corresponding vices. Courage consists of confidence i...

Rights are entitlements (not) to perform certain actions, or (not) to be in certain states; or entitlements that others (not) perform certain actions or (not) be in certain states. Rights dominate modern understandings of what actions are permissible and which institutions are just. Rights structure the form of governments, the content of laws, and the shape of morality as many now see it. To accept a set of rights is to approve a distribution of freedom and authority, and so to endorse a certain view of what may, must, and must not be done. This entry begins by describing the nature of rights: their classification, their composition, and their function. It then reviews the history of the language of rights, and various relationships between rights and reasons. The major contemporary philosophical approaches to the justification of rights are compared, and the entry concludes by surveying criticisms of rights and “rights talk.” The focus throughout is on general theoretical issues (what rights are) and not on arguments over specific rights (what rights there are). Those looking for fuller introductions to rights may consider Jones (1994), Harel (2005), Campbell (2006), Ivison (2007) and Edmundson (2012). 1. Categories of Rights A right to life, a right to choose; a right to vote, to work, to strike; a right to one phone call, to dissolve parliament, to operate a forklift, to asylum, to equal treatment before the law, to feel proud of what one has done; a right to exist, to...

Civil rights are an essential component of democracy. They’re guarantees of equal social opportunities and protection under the law, regardless of race, religion, or other characteristics. Examples are the rights to vote, to a fair trial, to government services, and to a public education. In contrast to civil liberties, which are freedoms secured by placing restraints on government, civil rights are secured by positive government action, often in the form of legislation. Unlike human rights or natural rights, in which people acquire rights inherently—perhaps from nature—civil rights must be given and guaranteed by the power of the state. Therefore, they vary greatly over time, culture, and form of government and tend to follow societal trends that condone or abhor types of discrimination. For example, the civil rights of the LGBTQ community have only recently come to the forefront of political debate in some democracies. The marginalization of African Americans spurred the American civil rights movement, beginning in the 1950s and growing throughout the early 1960s. That movement, based mainly in African American churches and colleges of the South, involved marches, boycotts, and civil disobedience, such as sit-ins. Most efforts were local, but the impact was felt at the national level—a model of civil rights organizing that has since spread all over the globe. civil rights, guarantees of equal social opportunities and Examples of civil rights include the A more recent mov...

SG/SM/20046 Following are UN Secretary-General António Guterres’ remarks in a virtual meeting with the African Group, in New York, today: I would like to start by expressing my full solidarity with the people of Africa and with your Governments in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. The crisis has wide-ranging implications, and the United Nations and African countries are working together across many challenges and concerns at this time. I want to thank you for your continued generosity towards refugees and migrants, as well as for the hospitality you extend to United Nations staff throughout the continent. I am also grateful for the positive responses to my appeal for a global ceasefire, including from Chairperson Moussa Faki and a large number of African Heads of State. My special envoys and representatives are working hard to translate the appeal into effective ceasefires. All efforts must be aimed at the common enemy, as we brace for the expected spread of the pandemic in Africa. This is in no way of Africa’s making. But, as with the climate crisis, the African continent could end up suffering the greatest impacts. In these trying times, I would like to commend you for the early leadership and action taken by your Governments to do just this: to suppress transmission and control the spread of COVID-19; and to prepare your people and the economy against its impacts. The examples are many: Uganda is supporting businesses by rescheduling social security contributions...

Some examples from the web: • Jun 20, 2011 ... New targets for Diabetes (A1C): Why we are aiming at 'only' 7 percent · The Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Study Group. • We are tempted to draw targets around them, making us believe we are aiming at the center of the gospel. This is easy to do. Throughout the ages we have ... • Jul 1, 2014 ... South Sudan: What agreement we are aiming at? ... July 1, 2014 – The aspiration of free people in a free country is liberty, a functional ... • English It is, of course, an admirable objective which we are aiming at here, namely the establishing of a centre for the control of infectious diseases. • Jan 29, 2021 ... Is <130/80 mmHg the right target or an excessive objective preventing from achieving the clinical goals we are aiming at? • Feb 18, 2016 ... “By doing this we are aiming at enhancing collective capacities to continue providing support to UN Member States in assessing integrated ... • India's batting has to be up if we are aiming at ODI World Cup: Ramesh Powar. By: PTI Worcester | July 4, 2021 9:02:05 pm. Newsguard. • Some examples from the web: • Safe and complete decommissioning is a key element of nuclear safety, for which we aim at the highest standards. • In the Commission we aim at presenting as objective and fair a report as the one presented by Ms Oomen-Ruijten. • In my opinion, the timetable is not too ambitious if we believe that by 2020 we will no longer allow impurities in water and we aim at ze...

Human Rights Human rights are certain moral guarantees. This article examines the philosophical basis and content of the doctrine of human rights. The analysis consists of five sections and a conclusion. Section one assesses the contemporary significance of human rights, and it argues that the doctrine of human rights has become the dominant moral doctrine for evaluating the moral status of the contemporary geo-political order. Section two proceeds to chart the historical development of the concept of human rights, beginning with a discussion of the earliest philosophical origins of the philosophical bases of human rights and culminating in some of most recent developments in the codification of human rights. Section three considers the philosophical concept of a human right and analyses the formal and substantive distinctions philosophers have drawn between various forms and categories of rights. Section four addresses the question of how philosophers have sought to justify the claims of human rights and specifically charts the arguments presented by the two presently dominant approaches in this field: interest theory and will theory. Section five then proceeds to discuss some of the main criticisms currently leveled at the doctrine of human rights and highlights some of the main arguments of those who have challenged the universalist and objectivist bases of human rights. Finally, a brief conclusion is presented, summarising the main themes addressed. Table of Contents •...