An ideal voltage source should have

\( \newcommand\) • • • • • We begin by considering a more realistic model for constant voltage and constant current sources. The ideal voltage source produces a stated potential forever, and without regard to what it is connected to. The ideal current source behaves similarly; it will always produce the same current regardless of its load. These expectations are not realistic. For example, if we were to place a solid bar of copper across the terminals of a voltage source, the bar may exhibit a resistance of mere milliohms, implying an output current of thousands of amps. Similarly, if we were to disconnect a current source from any load, its effective load would be the resistance of the air between its terminals and Ohm's law would dictate an output voltage of perhaps thousands or even millions of volts. Real world sources do not behave like this. Realistic Models for Sources A highly precise model for any voltage source or current source could be fairly complex but for general purpose work, we can greatly improve our ideal sources by simply adding a resistor to them. This resistance is referred to as the internal resistance of the source. It is important to understand that this is not a resistor, as in an internal component that can be altered, but rather a mathematical addition to the source that better predicts how it will behave. Further, the value of this effective resistance can be deduced in a laboratory via proper measurements. Figure 6.2.1 : Practical voltage sour...

\( \newcommand\) • • • • In DC analysis, we noted that real world sources have practical limits: voltage sources cannot produce infinite current and current sources cannot produce infinite voltage. A simple way of creating a more accurate model for independent sources is to include an internal resistance. For DC voltage sources, a resistance is added in series with the source, and for DC current sources a resistance is added in parallel with the source. While this works well enough for typical DC sources, the AC situation is a little more complicated. Models for AC Sources Just as we added a simple resistance to the DC sources to make improved models, we can add a complex impedance to AC sources to do likewise. Once again, it is possible to make even more involved models that will be more accurate, but for most work, this addition will suffice. Generally, there are wider variations in values for the AC case than the DC case. We can think of AC sources as belonging in one of two broad categories. First, there are power generators, that is, systems designed to generate and deliver power for other electrical devices. This would include the AC mains system in a residence or a portable power generator. At the other end of the spectrum are signal sources such as transducers and sensors. These devices are generally low power and are not designed to produce particularly high currents, quite the opposite of generators. Figure \(\PageIndex\): Practical AC current source model. From ...

Ideal voltage source :An ideal voltage source have zerosource resistance. Practical voltage source:A practical voltage source consists of an ideal voltage source (V S) in series with internal resistance (R S) as follows. An ideal voltage source and a practical voltage source can be represented as shown in the figure. Time-constant: Thetimerequiredin acircuit, as voltage or current, to rise or fall approximately 0.632 of the difference between its old and new value equals in seconds to the capacitance of the circuit in farads multiplied by its resistance in ohms. T = RC Where, T is the time constant R is the resistance C is the capacitance

An electric circuit is made of elements. Elements include at least one source. The source is connected to a bunch of components. We are going to describe sources and components with ideal mathematical abstractions. By the end of this article, we will have a nice collection of equations, which can be combined to generate lots of useful electronic functions. The next article describes real-world components that come close to the ideal abstractions we define here. The symbol on the left is used for a battery. The longer horizontal line on the battery symbol represents the positive terminal of the battery, and the shorter horizontal line represents the negative terminal. The circle symbol represents some other source of voltage, often a power supply. It is a good practice to draw the + + + plus and − - − minus signs inside the circle. These ideal mathematical abstractions of voltage sources can produce arbitrarily huge output current if the components they are connected to demand it. That doesn't happen in real life, of course. One place gigantic currents pop up is when you simulate a circuit. The computer doesn't mind a current of a zillion amperes, but it's probably not what you intended. The voltage at the terminals of an ideal current source becomes whatever is required to push out the constant current, even if that voltage is gigantic. When we build real current sources, of course, the range of operation is significantly restricted compared to the ideal current source abs...

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We know that every voltage source can be transformed into a current source, and vice versa. We also know that voltage sources are connected in series and current sources are connected in parallel. Isn't this paradoxical, because the same set of sources should be connected in both series and parallel, depending on how we choose to view them? \$\begingroup\$ Why do you say "...are connected"? Do you mean "...should be connected"? And then it is important (a) to realize that - in reality - both kinds of sources are always non-ideal and (b) to know for which purpose these sources are combined (what is the purpose for this action) ? \$\endgroup\$ \$\begingroup\$ @Eugene Sh It's not about sources being ideal or non-ideal. Consider two real voltage sources with their respective internal resistances. Assume that they are enclosed in black boxes. In order to combine them, we need to join them in series. Now consider the same two sources (again inside black boxes). This time they are assumed to be current sources with their respective shunt resistances. How to we physically join them? See the paradox? \$\endgroup\$ They are the same The simple truth about voltage and current sources in electronics is that they are the same network of two elements in series - voltage source and varying "resistor" (transistor). The only difference is in the behavior of the dynamic "resistor": in the first case, it keeps the voltage across the network constant; in the second case, it keeps the current ...

Energy-supplying sources are considered as active components which can be a voltage source or current source. In this article, let us learn about what is a voltage source and different types of voltage sources. What is a Voltage Source? Types of Voltage Sources : Based on the dependency of voltage, voltage sources are divided into two types, • Independent Voltage Source. • Dependent Voltage Source. Independent Voltage Source : Based on the type of voltage, independent voltage sources are divided into two types, • Direct Voltage Source or Time Invariant Voltage Source • Alternating Voltage Source. Direct Voltage Source : A direct voltage source is one whose polarity of the voltage remains constant. Direct voltage sources have fixed positive and negative polarity terminals which do not vary with time. The current in a circuit with a direct voltage source always flows in one direction only i.e., from positive to negative terminal. Examples of direct voltage sources are dc generators, cells, batteries, etc. The below shows the circuit symbol of a direct voltage source. Ideal Voltage Sources : An ideal voltage source has zero internal resistance. Due to zero internal resistance, there is no voltage drop and thus the voltage across the terminals will same as the voltage produced in the source. An ideal voltage source is considered the Independent Voltage Source because its terminal voltage doesn't depend upon the current flowing in the circuit or any of the circuit parameters. F...