Anemia nursing diagnosis

Diagnosis To diagnose anemia, your health care provider is likely to ask you about your medical and family history, do a physical exam, and order blood tests. Tests might include: • Complete blood count (CBC). A CBC is used to count the number of blood cells in a sample of blood. For anemia, the test measures the amount of the red blood cells in the blood, called hematocrit, and the level of hemoglobin in the blood. Typical adult hemoglobin values are generally 14 to 18 grams per deciliter for men and 12 to 16 grams per deciliter for women. Typical adult hematocrit values vary among medical practices. But they're generally between 40% and 52% for men and 35% and 47% for women. • A test to show the size and shape of the red blood cells. This looks at the size, shape and color of the red blood cells. Other diagnostic tests If you get a diagnosis of anemia, you might need more tests to find the cause. Sometimes, it can be necessary to study a sample of bone marrow to diagnose anemia. Treatment Anemia treatment depends on the cause. • Iron deficiency anemia. Treatment for this form of anemia usually involves taking iron supplements and changing the diet. If the cause of iron deficiency is loss of blood, finding the source of the bleeding and stopping it is needed. This might involve surgery. • Vitamin deficiency anemias. Treatment for folic acid and vitamin B-12 deficiency involves dietary supplements and increasing these nutrients in the diet. People who have trouble absorbin...

Deficient knowledge is defined as the lack of cognitive information or psychomotor ability for the restoration, preservation, and promotion of health. Knowledge plays a vital role in the patient’s recovery and may include 3 domains namely: (1) cognitive domain, (2) affective domain, and (3) psychomotor domain. The cognitive domain consists of intellectual activities and problem-solving skills, while the affective domain consists of feelings, attitudes, and beliefs. The psychomotor domain, on the other hand, consists of physical skills and procedures. • Verbalization of problem • Exaggerated behavior as compensation for lack of knowledge • Hostile behavior toward healthcare staff • Verbalization of erroneous information about the condition or treatment • Inaccurate execution of newly learned tasks Related Factors to Deficient Knowledge Factors that may contribute to the development of deficient knowledge include: • Novel health diagnosis or treatment • Inadequate learning resources • Presence of learning disability • Misinformation or misinterpretation • • Emotionally incapable to learn • Presence of acute illness or condition Diagnosis of Deficient Knowledge Patients might say “I do not need your help”, “I already know this condition before”, or “I have no idea what the doctor is explaining to me” which are perceived as symptoms of deficient knowledge. Moreover, patients who may seem to ignore the consequences of their condition may appear anxious or overwhelmed, disintere...

Anemia occurs when there are not enough red blood cells or red blood cells do not function properly resulting in Iron-deficiency anemia is the most common type of anemia and is appropriately named, as it is a lack of iron in the body. This can result from blood loss, Other types of anemia that may be encountered are vitamin-deficiency anemia (low levels of vitamin B12 or folate), aplastic anemia (the bone marrow stops making blood cells), and hemolytic anemia (when blood cells are destroyed faster than they are replaced). The Nursing Process Anemia will likely be the result of a larger condition that nurses will manage. Treatment will depend on the type of anemia and underlying causes such as infection, Nursing Care Plans Related to Anemia Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements Care Plan Iron-deficient and vitamin-deficient anemia can occur due to poor dietary intake or an inability to absorb nutrients. Nursing Diagnosis: Related to: • Inability to absorb iron or vitamins • Lack of vitamin B12 and folate in the diet • Pregnancy • Gastric bypass surgery • Inflammatory bowel diseases • Vegetarian diet As evidenced by: • Pale skin • Feeling cold • Fatigue • Rapid heartbeat • Brittle nails • Hair loss • Craving ice (pagophagia) • Expected Outcomes: • Patient will display an improvement in iron and B-12 levels through lab testing • Patient will add three foods high in iron, B-12, and folic acid to their diet • Patient will recognize the signs and symptoms of anemia a...

Anemia is not a diagnosis; it is a manifestation of an underlying disorder (see Etiology of Anemia Anemia is a decrease in the number of red blood cells (RBCs), which leads to a decrease in hematocrit and hemoglobin content. (See also Red Blood Cell Production.) The RBC mass represents the... read more ). Thus, even mild, asymptomatic anemia should be investigated so that the primary problem can be diagnosed and treated. Anemia has many risk factors. For example, a vegan diet predisposes to Megaloblastic Macrocytic Anemias Megaloblastic anemias result most often from deficiencies of vitamin B12 and folate. Ineffective hematopoiesis affects all cell lines but particularly red blood cells. Diagnosis is usually based... read more , whereas alcohol use disorder increases the risk of Megaloblastic Macrocytic Anemias Megaloblastic anemias result most often from deficiencies of vitamin B12 and folate. Ineffective hematopoiesis affects all cell lines but particularly red blood cells. Diagnosis is usually based... read more . A number of Sickle Cell Disease Sickle cell disease (a hemoglobinopathy) causes a chronic hemolytic anemia occurring almost exclusively in people with African ancestry. It is caused by homozygous inheritance of genes for hemoglobin... read more are inherited, and certain Overview of Hemolytic Anemia At the end of their normal life span (about 120 days), red blood cells (RBCs) are removed from the circulation. Hemolysis is defined as premature destruction and h...

The AGA defines anemia as a hemoglobin level of less than 13 g per dL (130 g per L) in men and less than 12 g per dL (120 g per L) in patients who are not pregnant. Serum ferritin testing is commonly used to diagnose iron deficiency in patients with anemia. Based on a systematic review, the AGA recommends using a ferritin threshold value of less than 45 ng per mL (45 mcg per L) for diagnosing iron deficiency in patients with anemia. This threshold has 85% sensitivity and 92% specificity for iron deficiency. Without anemia, the ferritin threshold for iron deficiency is uncertain. Ferritin testing is less accurate in patients with chronic inflammatory conditions or chronic kidney disease, and additional tests including serum iron, transferrin saturation, soluble transferrin receptor, and C-reactive protein can help diagnose iron deficiency. Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with iron deficiency caused by atrophic gastritis and hypochlorhydria, which reduce iron absorption. Treating H. pylori infection improves the benefit of iron supplementation in anemia. After negative bidirectional endoscopy results, the AGA suggests noninvasive testing and treatment for H. pylori in IDA by urea breath testing, although stool antigen testing and serology can also be used. Celiac disease is another common cause of iron deficiency. The AGA suggests serologic testing for celiac disease in patients with iron deficiency, especially those with a family history of the disease, a person...

Table of contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • What is Anemia Anemia is a condition that is slowly rising in cases across all countries. Every age and every stage can be affected by anemia, and though others may consider this as a simple condition, it could blow out of proportion if left untreated. • Anemia is a condition in which the hemoglobin concentration is lower than normal. • Anemia reflects the presence of • Anemia is not a specific disease state but an underlying disorder and the most common hematologic condition. Classification A physiologic approach classifies anemia according to whether the deficiency in erythrocytes is caused by a defect in their production, by their destruction, or by their loss. • Hypoproliferative anemias. In hypoproliferative anemias, the marrow cannot produce adequate numbers of erythrocytes. • Hemolytic anemias. There is premature destruction of erythrocytes that results in the liberation of hemoglobin from the erythrocytes into the plasma; the released hemoglobin is then converted into bilirubin, thereforebilirubin concentration rises. • loss of erythrocytes in the body. Pathophysiology The pathophysiology of anemias is drawn according to the cause of the disease. Hypoproliferative Anemia • Decreased erythrocyte production. There is decreased erythrocyte production, reflected by an inappropriately normal or low reticulocyte count. • Marrow damage. As a result of marrow damage, inadequate production of erythrocyte occurs due t...

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Table of contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • What is Sickle Cell Anemia? Sickle cell disease (SCD), or Sickle cell anemia is a severe hemolytic anemia that results from the inheritance of the sickle hemoglobin gene. This gene causes the hemoglobin molecule to be defective. Sickle hemoglobin (HbS) acquires a crystal-like formation when exposed to low oxygen tension. The oxygen level in venous blood can be low enough to cause this change; consequently, the erythrocyte containing HbS loses its round, pliable, biconcave disk shape and becomes deformed, rigid, and sickle-shaped. These long, rigid erythrocytes can adhere to the endothelium of small vessels; when they adhere to each other, blood flow to a region or an organ may be reduced. If ischemia or infarction results, the patient may have pain, swelling, and Sickle cell anemia is most common in tropical Africans in people of African descent; about 1 in 10 African-American carries the abnormal gene. If two parents who are both carriers of the sickle cell trait have offspring, each child has a 25% chance of developing sickle cell anemia.However, sickle cell anemia also appears in other ethnic populations, including people of Mediterranean or East Indian Ancestry. Overall, 1 in every 400 to 600 black children has sickle cell anemia. The defective HbS-producing gene may have persisted because, in areas where Nursing Care Plans and Management Nursing care planning and goals for patients with sickle cell anemia include: prov...