Anti hypertensive drugs classification

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) are a group of medicines that are mainly used to treat certain heart and kidney conditions; however, they may be used in the management of other conditions such as They block the production of angiotensin II, a substance that narrows blood vessels and releases hormones such as aldosterone and norepinephrine, by inhibiting an enzyme called angiotensin converting enzyme. Angiotensin II, aldosterone, and norepinephrine all increase blood pressure and urine production by the kidneys. If levels of these three substances decrease in the body, this allows blood vessels to relax and dilate (widen), reducing both blood and kidney pressure. ACE inhibitors also increase the production of bradykinin, another substance that makes blood vessels dilate. What are ACE inhibitors used for? ACE inhibitors may be used for the treatment of the following conditions: • Certain chronic kidney conditions (but not others) • • • • Prevention of • • To reduce the risk of complications following a • To reduce the risk of kidney disease (diabetic They may also be used for other conditions not listed here. What are the differences between ACE inhibitors? ACE inhibitors all work in the same way; by inhibiting the action of the angiotensin converting enzyme. However, there are differences in their effectiveness at reducing blood pressure, their side effect profile, and their ability to prevent people from dying from a heart-related or other cause. ...

Angiotensin receptor blockers (also called ARBs or angiotensin II inhibitors) are medicines that dilate (widen) blood vessels, and are used in the treatment of conditions such as ARBs work by blocking the action of a natural chemical called angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor (causes blood vessels to constrict [narrow]). This narrowing can cause high blood pressure and poor blood flow through the kidneys. ARBs prevent angiotensin II from binding to angiotensin II receptors located in muscles surrounding blood vessels, thereby allowing those blood vessels to dilate, reducing blood pressure and improving symptoms of heart failure and progression of kidney disease due to diabetes. Angiotensin II also has effects on noradrenaline (noradrenaline contributes to vasoconstriction and increases heart rate), aldosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex, and sodium re-absorption and water retention by the kidneys. List of Angiotensin receptor blockers

Overview What are blood pressure medications? Blood pressure medications (antihypertensives) are medicines that bring your In addition to your age, race and gender/sex, your healthcare provider will consider your other health problems and how high your blood pressure is when deciding which high blood pressure medication to give you. Your treatment will be different from your neighbor’s or your brother’s prescriptions because each of you has a unique situation. You may need to take more than one type of high blood pressure medication to bring your blood pressure numbers down. Your healthcare provider may try one antihypertensive agent and add a second or third little by little to bring your blood pressure down. They may also start and stop antihypertensive drugs if they aren’t giving results or you develop intolerable side effects or unsafe changes in your bloodwork. Your healthcare provider will likely ask you to take your blood pressure at home each morning, before you have had any caffeine. Most people take blood pressure medications in the form of a pill you swallow every day, but your doctor may give you some antihypertensive medications through an IV (intravenous) in your arm during a hospital stay. What do blood pressure medications treat? Blood pressure medications treat How common are antihypertensives? Antihypertensive drugs are very common, as an estimated 1 billion people in the world have high blood pressure. In the United States, about 50% of people aged 20 an...

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AMA Citation Antihypertensive Drugs. In: Stringer JL. Stringer J.L.(Ed.), Ed. Janet L. Stringer.eds. Basic Concepts in Pharmacology: What You Need to Know for Each Drug Class, 5e. McGraw Hill; 2017. Accessed June 15, 2023. https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=2147§ionid=161351349 Diuretics can be used to decrease blood volume. Drugs are available that interfere with the renin-angiotensin system, which is intimately involved in salt and water balance in the body. Finally, drugs can be used to decrease peripheral vascular resistance or cardiac output. This can be done with direct-acting vasodilators or by using agents that block sympathetic nervous system output. + • Diuretics • Thiazides • Loop diuretics • Potassium (K +)-sparing diuretics • Drugs that interfere with the renin-angiotensin system • ACE inhibitors • Angiotensin II receptor antagonists • Aldosterone antagonists • Direct renin inhibitor • Drugs that decrease peripheral vascular resistance or cardiac output • Direct vasodilators • Calcium channel blockers • Nitrates • Sympathetic nervous system depressants • α- and β-Blockers • Clonidine + + Drugs that increase urine flow are called diuretics. Diuretics play an important role in the management of high blood pressure. They are often used in combination with other classes of antihypertensive drugs. These drugs are ion transport inhibitors in the kidney, so a short review of renal physiology may be useful for you at this point. + + There are...