Aplastic anemia kya hai

Aplastic anemia is a medical condition that damages stem cells in a person’s bone marrow. These cells are responsible for making red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, which are vital to human health. Doctors believe various conditions can cause aplastic Medical advancements mean that aplastic anemia is more treatable than ever. In this article, learn more about this rare medical disorder. Share on Pinterest Headaches, dizziness, and fatigue are common symptoms of aplastic anemia. When a person has aplastic anemia, their Doctors also call aplastic anemia bone marrow failure. Doctors do not know exactly how many people in the United States have aplastic anemia. According to the National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD), doctors diagnose approximately Researchers believe that most cases of aplastic anemia are due to the immune system attacking healthy bone marrow cells, according to Doctors have also identified some of the possible causes of this immune system response, including: • exposure to benzene, a chemical used to make plastics, synthetic fibers, dyes, detergents, and pesticides • insecticide exposure • nonviral • pesticide exposure • medications, such as • hepatitis • pregnancy • • • other infectious diseases However, doctors usually cannot pinpoint the underlying cause in When the cause is unknown, doctors refer to the condition as idiopathic aplastic anemia. Share on Pinterest A doctor may order a blood test to help them diagnose aplastic anemia....

Aplastic anemia, an unusual hematologic disease, is the paradigm of the human bone marrow failure syndromes. Absence of hematopoietic cells has been recognized from the characteristic morphology for a century; an immune pathophysiology has been inferred from improvement in blood counts with immunosuppressive therapy in the majority of patients. Molecular mechanisms underlying both T cell effector cells and the target marrow stem and progenitor cells are now being identified. Activated type 1 cytotoxic T cells and type 1 cytokines have been implicated in cell culture experiments; clues to the molecular basis of the aberrant immune response include cytokine gene polymorphisms and abnormalities in the regulatory pathways for γ-interferon. For stem cell depletion, mutations in genes of the telomere repair complex are present in some patients with apparently acquired aplastic anemia. Telomerase deficiency is associated with short telomeres and a quantitative reduction in marrow progenitors and likely also a qualitative deficiency in the repair capacity of hematopoietic tissue. Historically, patients with severe forms of marrow failure have faced a dismal prognosis, and there are formidable practical difficulties of experimentation in a rare disorder in which the cells of interest have disappeared. Early observers of the disease emphasized putative etiologies and the relationship of aplastic anemia to environmental factors, such as chemicals (especially benzene) and idiosyncrati...

Overview Pancytopenia is a condition in which a person’s body has too few red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Each of these blood cell types has a different job in the body: • • • Platelets allow your blood to form clots. If you have pancytopenia, you have a combination of three different blood diseases: • • leukopenia, or low level of white blood cells • Because your body needs all of these blood cells, pancytopenia can be very serious. It can even be life-threatening if you don’t treat it. Mild pancytopenia often doesn’t cause symptoms. Your doctor might discover it while doing a blood test for another reason. More severe pancytopenia can cause symptoms including: • shortness of breath • pale skin • fatigue • weakness • fever • dizziness • easy bruising • bleeding • tiny purple spots on your skin, called petechiae • larger purple spots on your skin, called • bleeding gums and nosebleeds • fast heart rate If you or someone close to you has any of the following serious symptoms and pancytopenia, get medical care right away: • fever over 101˚F (38.3˚C) • • heavy bleeding • severe shortness of breath • • Pancytopenia starts because of a problem with your bone marrow. This spongy tissue inside bones is where blood cells are produced. Diseases and exposure to certain drugs and chemicals can lead to this bone marrow damage. You’re more likely to develop pancytopenia if you have one of these conditions: • cancers that affect the bone marrow, such as: • • • • • • •...

Aplastic anemia remains a diagnosis of exclusion. Our ability to reliably diagnose, and therefore exclude, a variety of inherited or acquired diseases with similar phenotypes has improved markedly. An efficient diagnostic plan is important because time from diagnosis to treatment is related to outcome regardless of the therapeutic option chosen. HSCT remains the mainstay of therapy for those with matched sibling donors, and results have improved even further in recent years. For those without a sibling donor, the high response and overall survival rates of combined immunosuppressive therapy (IST) have proven robust. Nonetheless, incomplete response, relapse, and progression to myelodysplasia/leukemia have more clearly emerged as significant long-term issues. Improvements in outcome of alternative donor transplantation and the use of established and novel immunosuppressive agents provide multiple alternatives for treating refractory or relapsed patients. Best practices in this regard are not yet clearly established and may vary by a variety of demographic and treatment-specific factors. Regardless of the type of therapeutic approach, patients require ongoing monitoring for occurrence of disease and/or therapy-related side effects. Despite the precision of its diagnostic criteria, aplastic anemia has always been a diagnosis of exclusion. No single test allows us to reliably diagnose idiopathic aplastic anemia, but the field has advanced considerably in terms of awareness of ...