Baudhayana

Encyclopedia Of Indian History! Welcome to Historical India! Historical India is an academic community platform where any enthusiast may join, create and edit articles. Come contribute to this open-source community project and help create an authentic encyclopedia of Indian history. Feel free to publish interesting articles, cite references from the content-rich books, research papers etc., that you read, or just create an article on your favorite historical figure or epoch. Table Of Contents TowardS the end of the Vedic period, and more or less simultaneously with the production of the principal Upanishads, concise, technical, and usually aphoristic texts were composed about various subjects relating to the proper and timely performance of the Vedic sacrificial rituals. These were eventually labelled as Vedangas. The four major Shulba Sutras, which are mathematically the most significant, are those attributed to Baudhayana, Manava, Apastamba and Katyayana. Their language is the late Vedic Sanskrit, pointing to a composition roughly during the 1st millennium BCE. The oldest is the sutra attributed to Baudhayana, possibly compiled around 800 BCE to 500 BCE. Pingree says that the Apastamba is likely the next oldest; he places the Katyayana and the Manava third and fourth chronologically, on the basis of apparent borrowings. According to Plofker, the Katyayana was composed after "the great grammatical codification of Sanskrit by Pini in probably the mid-fourth century BCE", b...

Baudhayana was an Indian Mathematician who was born in 800 BC and dies in 740 BC. He was a Vedic brahmin priest. He is said to be the original founder of Pythagoras’s Theorem. He was the first-ever Indian Mathematician who came up with several concepts in Mathematics. He was one of the mathematicians who used his mathematical skills in a practical way by being a skilled craftsman. The value of pi was first calculated by him. Baudhayana has mentioned Pi even before the actually named as by and Pythagoras theorem was first used. Baudhāyana discovered Pythagoras at least 1000 years before Pythagoras was born. A shloka from the Śulbasûtra is proof that he had the concept of Pythagoras theorem in his mind even before the Pythagoras was actually made: “dīrghasyākṣaṇayā rajjuH pārśvamānī, tiryaDaM mānī, cha yatpṛthagbhUte kurutastadubhayāṅkaroti.” Baudhayana It means “A rope stretched along the length of the diagonal produces an area which the vertical and horizontal sides make together.” also says that if x and y are two sides and z is the hypotenuse, such that ‘x’ is divisible by 4. Then, z = (x – x/8) + y/2. (In all Pythagorean triplets, one of the two shorter sides should be at least be divisible by 4) When constructing circular shapes, Bodhayana uses different approximations for π. Constructions are given which are equivalent to taking π equal to 676/225 (where 676/225 = 3.004), to 1156/361 (where 1156/361 = 3.202), 900/289 (where 900/289 = 3.114). Bodhayana even tried to fi...

English Afrikaans Albanian Amharic Arabic Armenian azerbaijan Basque Bengali Bosnian Bulgarian Burmese Catalan Chinese Croatian Czech Danish Dutch Esperanto Estonian Filipino Finnish French Galician Georgian German Greek Gujarati Hebrew Hindi Hungarian Icelandic Indonesian Irish Italian Japanese Javanese Kannada Kazakh Khmer Korean Laotian Latin Latvian Lithuanian Macedonian Malay Malayalam Maltese Marathi Mongolian Nepali Norwegian Pashto Persian Polish Portuguese Romanian Russian Serbian Sinhala Slovak Slovenian Somali Spanish Sundanese Swahili Swedish Tamil Telugu Thai Turkish Ukrainian Urdu Uzbek Vietnamese Welsh Zulu All Languages

Baudhayana, (fl. c. 800 BCE) was an Indian mathematician, who was most likely also a priest. He is noted as the author of the earliest Sulba Sutra—appendices to the Vedas giving rules for the construction of altars—called the Baudhayana sulbasutra, which contained several important mathematical results. He is older than the other famous mathematician Apastambha and belongs to the Yajurveda school. Baudhayan was the first one ever to arrive at several concepts in Mathematics, which were later rediscovered by the western world. The value of pi was first calculated by him. As you know, pi is useful in calculating the area and circumference of a circle. What is known as Pythagoras theorem today is already found in Baudhayan’s Sulva Sutra, which was written several years before the age of Pythagoras. Contribution of Baudhayana: The Shrautasutra: His shrautasutras related to performing Vedic sacrifices has followers in some Smarta brahmanas (Iyers) and some Iyengars of Tamil Nadu, Kongu of Tamil Nadu, Yajurvedis or Namboothiris of Kerala, Gurukkal brahmins, among others. The followers of this sutra follow a different method and do 24 Tila-tarpana, as Lord Krishna had done tarpana on the day before Amavasya; they call themselves Baudhayana Amavasya. Pythagorean theorem: The most notable of the rules in the Baudhayana Sulba Sutra says that, a rope stretched along the length of the diagonal produces an area which the vertical and horizontal sides make together. Bodhayana also state...

There are six Vedangas or supplements to the Vedas: Siksha or prounciation, Chandas or poetic meter, Vyakarana or grammar, Nirukta or etymology, Kalpa or rituals, and Jyotisha or astrology. My question is about Kalpa. There are three types of Kalpa Sutras or guides to Vedic rituals: Shrauta Sutras, which tell you how to do large public Yagnas; Grihya Sutras, which tell you how to do household rituals; and Shulba Sutras, which describe the geometry of altars for Vedic rituals. Now as you can see in my Meta answer But there's one Grihya Sutra text I haven't read yet: the Baudhayana Grihya Sutras, which are associated with the Krishna Yajur Veda. My question is, have the Baudhayana Grihya Sutras ever been translated into English? You can read it in Sanskrit The word Anga literally means limb, but in the context of Vedanga these texts are supplements designed to aid the study and application of the Vedas, not actual parts of the Vedas. They're Smriti rather than Shruti. (Although it should be noted that in the Purva Mimamsa Sutras, Jaimini does not even grant Kalpa Sutras the status of Smriti; see @Rickross Darshana Sutras do not speak on the basis of their own authority, they make logical arguments which you can examine and judge for yourself whether they make sense or not. In any case, Anga is used as a metaphor - just as limbs are useful for a person, Vedangas are useful for the study and application of the Vedas. In any case, it's precisely because the Vedangas are not Shr...

• v • t • e The Baudhāyana sūtras (Sanskrit: बौधायन) are a group of The Baudhayana sūtras consist of six texts: • the Śrautasûtra, probably in 19 Praśnas (questions), • the Karmāntasûtra in 20 Adhyāyas (chapters), • the Dwaidhasûtra in 4 Praśnas, • the Praśnas, • the Dharmasûtra in 4 Praśnas and • the Śulbasûtra in 3 Adhyāyas. The Baudhāyana Śulbasûtra is noted for containing several early mathematical results, including an approximation of the Baudhāyana Shrautasūtra [ ] Main article: His Baudhāyana Dharmasūtra [ ] The Dharmasūtra of Baudhāyana like that of praśnas consist of the There are no commentaries on this Dharmasūtra with the exception of Vivaraṇa. The date of the commentary is uncertain but according to Olivelle it is not very ancient. Also the commentary is inferior in comparison to that of Haradatta on Āpastamba and Gautama. This Dharmasūtra is divided into four books. Olivelle states that Book One and the first sixteen chapters of Book Two are the 'Proto-Baudhayana' The first book is primarily devoted to the student and deals in topics related to studentship. It also refers to social classes, the role of the king, marriage, and suspension of Vedic recitation. Book two refers to penances, inheritance, women, householder, orders of life, ancestral offerings. Book three refers to holy householders, forest hermit and penances. Book four primarily refers to the yogic practices and penances along with offenses regarding marriage. Baudhāyana Śulvasūtra [ ] Pythagorea...

“In any right-angled triangle, the area of the square whose side is the hypotenuse (the side opposite the right angle) is equal to the sum of the areas of the squares whose sides are the two legs (the two sides that meet at a right angle).” But in reality, this was written much earlier in ancient india by sage Baudhayana (around 2000 BCE). He is noted as the author of the earliest Sulba Sūtra—appendices to the Vedas giving rules for the construction of altars—called the Baudhāyana Śulbasûtra, which contained several important mathematical results. He is accredited with calculating the value of pi (π) before Pythagoras. Solka in Baudhāyana Śulbasûtra that describes Pythagoras theorem is given below : dīrghasyākṣaṇayā rajjuH pārśvamānī, tiryaDaM mānī, cha yatpṛthagbhUte kurutastadubhayāṅ karoti. Baudhāyana used a rope as an example in the above sloka. Its translation means : A rope stretched along the length of the diagonal produces an area which the vertical and horizontal sides make together. Proof of Pythagoras theorem has been provided by both Baudhāyana and Āpastamba in their Sulba Sutras. Though, Baudhāyana was not the only Indian mathematician to have provided Pythagorean triplets and proof. Āpastamba also provided the proof for Pythagoras theorem, which is numerical in nature and unfortunately, Pythagoras was wrongly credited by Cicero and early Greek mathematicians for this theorem. Also, another ancient Indian mathematician called Bhaskara later provided a unique g...

Summary: The prashnas of the Dharmasutra of Baudhayana consist of the Srautasutra and other ritual treatises, the Sulvasutra which deals with vedic geometry, and the Grihyasutra which deals with domestic rituals. The Dharmasutra of Baudhayana like that of Apastamba also forms a part of the larger Kalpasutra. Likewise, it is composed of prashnas which literally means ‘questions’ or books. The structure of this Dharmasutra is not very clear because it came down in an incomplete manner. Moreover, the text has undergone alterations in the form of additions and explanations over a period of time. Alternative titles: Baudhāyana Dharmasūtra (बौधायन धर्मसूत्र), Baudhāyanadharmasūtra (बौधायनधर्मसूत्र), Baudhayanadharmasutra. Source: Contents of this online book ( +/ -) The full text of the Baudhayana Dharmasutra in English is available here and publically accesible (free to read online). Of course, I would always recommend buying the book so you get the latest edition. You can see all this book’s content by visiting the pages in the below index:

Contents • 1 Use of mathematics in construction of Altars • 2 Sulbasutra • 2.1 Value of Pi • 2.2 Value of square root of 2 • 3 References Use of [ ] The Sulbasutra [ ] Baudhayana's Sulbasutra is the oldest surviving Sulbasutra. In one chapter, it contains geometric solutions of a linear equation with a single unknown variable. Quadratic equations of the forms ax2 = c and ax2 + bx = c are also described. Value of Pi [ ] Several values of π (pi) also occur in Baudhayana's Sulbasutra. Specifically, Baudhayana uses different approximations for π when constructing circular shapes. Constructions are given which are equivalent to taking π equal to 676/225 (where 676/225 = 3.004), 900/289 (where 900/289 = 3.114) and to 1156/361 (where 1156/361 = 3.202). Value of square root of 2 [ ] An interesting, and quite accurate, approximate value for √2 is given in Chapter 1 verse 61 of Baudhayana's Sulbasutra. The √2 = 1 + 1/3 + 1/(3×4) - 1/(3×4×34)= 577/408 which is, to nine places, 1.414215686 and is correct to five decimal places. If the approximation was given as √2 = 1 + 1/3 + 1/(3×4) then the error is of the order of 0.002 which is still more accurate than any of the values of π. Thus, it is unclear as to why Baudhayana felt the need for a better approximation for √2 vs π and implies that better approximations of π could have been known at the time but are not provided in this document. References [ ] • G G Joseph, The crest of the peacock (London, 1991). • R C Gupta, Baudhayana's val...

Encyclopedia Of Indian History! Welcome to Historical India! Historical India is an academic community platform where any enthusiast may join, create and edit articles. Come contribute to this open-source community project and help create an authentic encyclopedia of Indian history. Feel free to publish interesting articles, cite references from the content-rich books, research papers etc., that you read, or just create an article on your favorite historical figure or epoch. Table Of Contents TowardS the end of the Vedic period, and more or less simultaneously with the production of the principal Upanishads, concise, technical, and usually aphoristic texts were composed about various subjects relating to the proper and timely performance of the Vedic sacrificial rituals. These were eventually labelled as Vedangas. The four major Shulba Sutras, which are mathematically the most significant, are those attributed to Baudhayana, Manava, Apastamba and Katyayana. Their language is the late Vedic Sanskrit, pointing to a composition roughly during the 1st millennium BCE. The oldest is the sutra attributed to Baudhayana, possibly compiled around 800 BCE to 500 BCE. Pingree says that the Apastamba is likely the next oldest; he places the Katyayana and the Manava third and fourth chronologically, on the basis of apparent borrowings. According to Plofker, the Katyayana was composed after "the great grammatical codification of Sanskrit by Pini in probably the mid-fourth century BCE", b...