Biogeographic zones of india

ADVERTISEMENTS: The following points highlight the top ten bio-geographical zones in India. The bio-geographical zones are: 1. Trans-Himalayas 2. Himalayas 3. Desert 4. Semi-Arid 5. Western Ghats 6. Deccan Peninsula 7. Gangetic Plain 8. North-East India 9. Islands 10. Coasts. Bio-Geographical Zone # 1. Trans-Himalayas: An extension of the Tibetan Plateau, harbouring high-altitude cold desert in Laddakh (J and K) and Lahaul Spiti (H.P.) comprising 5.7 per cent of the country’s landmass. Fir. 14.2.(a). Biographical regions of India (Source WII Dehradun) Bio-Geographical Zone # 2. Himalayas: The entire mountain chain running from north-western to north-eastern India, comprising a diverse range of biotic provinces and biomes, 7,2 per cent of the country’s landmass, Bio-Geographical Zone # 3. Desert: ADVERTISEMENTS: The extremely arid area west of the Aravalli hill range, comprising both the salty desert of Gujarat and the sand desert of Rajasthan. 6.9 per cent of the country’s landmass. Bio-Geographical Zone # 4. Semi-Arid: The zone between the desert and the Deccan plateau, including the Aravalli hill range. 15.6 per cent of the country’s landmass. Bio-Geographical Zone # 5. Western Ghats: The hill ranges and plains running along the western coast line, south of the Tapti river, covering an extremely diverse range of biotic provinces and biomes. 5.8 per cent of the country’s landmass. Bio-Geographical Zone # 6. Deccan Peninsula: The largest of the zones, covering much of the ...

India is a Mega- diverse nation, housing around 10% of world's species. India also has a rich cultural heritage going back millions of years. Much of Indian biodiversity is intricately related to the socio-cultural practices of the land. Eastern and North Eastern parts of India are the mega sources of biodiversity. India receives so many items like medicines, woods, flora and fauna. India has different climate and topography in different parts and hence is termed as a mega diversity country. India occupies 10th place among plant rich countries of the world. It is essential to acquire knowledge about the distribution and environmental interaction of flora and fauna of India. Bio-geographers have classified India into ten Bio-geographic zones with each zone having characteristic climate, soil and biodiversity. Our country can be conveniently divided into ten major regions, based on the geography, climate and pattern of vegetation seen and the communities of Mammals, Birds, Reptiles, Amphibia, Insects and other Invertebrates that live in them. • Trans Himalayan Region of Laddakh • The Himalayan Ranges • The Terai • The Gangetic and Brahmaputra Plains • The Thar Desert of Rajasthan • The semi arid grassland region of the Deccan plateau Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu • The Northeast States of India • The Western Ghats • The Andaman and Nicobar Islands • Western and Eastern Coastal Belt Description of These Areas is Given Below: Trans-Himaylayas: ...

Contents • 1 Exploring the Diverse Biogeographic Zones of India • 1.1 What is a Biogeographic Zone? • 1.2 Major Biogeographic Zones of India • 1.2.1 The Himalayas • 1.2.2 The Indo-Gangetic Plains • 1.2.3 The Thar Desert • 1.2.4 The Deccan Plateau • 1.2.5 The Eastern and Western Ghats • 1.2.6 The Eastern and Western Coasts • 1.3 Conclusion Exploring the Diverse Biogeographic Zones of India What is a Biogeographic Zone? A biogeographic zone is an area defined by its physical and geographical characteristics. These characteristics determine the type of climate, soil, plants, and animals that live in the area. India is a vast and diverse country, with a variety of biogeographic zones. Major Biogeographic Zones of India There are eight major biogeographic zones in India, each with its own unique characteristics. They are the Himalayas, the Indo-Gangetic Plains, the Thar Desert, the Deccan Plateau, the Eastern Ghats, the Western Ghats, the Eastern Coast, and the Western Coast. The Himalayas The Himalayas are the highest mountain range in the world, stretching 2,500 kilometers from Jammu and Kashmir to Arunachal Pradesh. This zone is home to many species of plants and animals, including the snow leopard, Himalayan black bear, and red panda. The Himalayan Mountains are also a major source of water for India. The Indo-Gangetic Plains The Indo-Gangetic Plains are the most populous region of India. This zone is mostly flat and is characterized by low-lying hills and fertile soils. Th...

At the broadest level, referred to as Most of India falls in the "Indian Subcontinent" bioregion of the Indomalayan realm, which covers most of The Nicobar islands on the other hand fall in the " The Himalayas proper form the southern limit of the Palearctic in South Asia, and here the Palearctic temperate forests transition to the subtropical and tropical forests of Indomalaya, creating a rich and diverse mix of plant and animal species. WWF habitat classification [ ] Main article: Based on Olson et al. (2001), Only two terrestrial ecoregions from India – the Terrestrial biomes of India [ ] The following 11 terrestrial biomes are found in India: Indomalayan realm • • • • • • • • • Palearctic realm • • Ecoregions of India [ ] The ecoregions of India, with details of states/union territories they occur in, and the concerned biome and realm are given in the table below. Main article: Ecoregion ICFRE classification of the Forest types of India [ ] The first proper classification of forest types of India was done by [ citation needed] Champion and Seth (1968) classified the Indian forest using temperature and rainfall data into five major forest groups and 16 type groups (climatic types) and over 200 subgroup types. Although this classification was widely accepted, as time passed it was found to have certain drawbacks. The purpose of the classification by Champion was primarily forest use, specifically timber extraction. As time passed, the nature of Indian forestry changed to...

• Analysis • 06 February 2023 Prioritizing India’s landscapes for biodiversity, ecosystem services and human well-being • ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-2935-3857 • • ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-2622-8612 • • • ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-3332-4621 • ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-5267-9789 • • • • • • • ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-3642-0309 • ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-7982-9182 • ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-7985-0005 • ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-1661-6542 • … • ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-5370-5966 Show authors Nature Sustainability volume 6, pages 568–577 ( 2023) Biodiversity conservation and human well-being are tightly interlinked. Yet, mismatches in the scale at which these two priority issues are planned and implemented have exacerbated biodiversity loss, erosion of ecosystem services and declining human quality of life. India houses the second largest human population on the planet, while < 5% of the country’s land area is effectively protected for conservation. This warrants landscape-level conservation planning through a judicious mix of land-sharing and land-sparing approaches combined with the co-production of ecosystem services. Through a multifaceted assessment, we prioritize spatial extents of land parcels that, in the face of anthropogenic threats, can safeguard conservation landscapes across India’s biogeographic zones. We found that only a fraction (~15%) of the priority areas identified here are encompassed under India’s extant Protected Area network, and furthermore...

A new study says climate change’s hotter temperatures and society’s diversion of water have been shrinking the world’s lakes by trillions of gallons of water a year since the early 1990s lake, any relatively large body of slowly moving or standing water that occupies an inland see below. This article treats lake basins and sedimentation; the physical and chemical properties of lake waters; lake currents, waves, and tides; and the hydrologic balance of lakes. For information on related systems, see See General considerations Occurrence Within the global Four-fifths of the 125,000 cubic km (30,000 cubic miles) of lake waters occur in a small number of lakes, perhaps 40 in all. Among the largest are

National Parks And Sanctuaries “National Parks are the areas that are set by the government to conserve the natural environment.” “Sanctuary is a place of refuge where injured, abandoned and abused wildlife is allowed to live in peace in their natural environment without any human intervention.” What is a National Park? National parks are areas that aim to protect the natural environment. They are also involved in public recreation and enjoyment activities. In a national park, the landscapes and its flora and fauna are present in their natural state. India is rich in biodiversity. It comprises about 7.6% mammals, 6.2% reptiles, 12.6% birds, and 6.0% flowering plant species under the Indomalayan ecozone. Many eco-regions of our country like Shola forests exhibit high rates of endemism. The forests cover over the ranges from the tropical rainforest, the Western Ghats, and Northeast India to the coniferous forests in the Himalayan region. The significant terrestrial Indian wildlife has around 99 world-recognized national parks in different parts of the country. All these national parks and the wildlife reserves have been recognized by the IUCN or the International Union for the Conservation of Nature under the second category of protected areas. List of National Parks in India National parks provide a haven for wildlife away from civilization. India has currently over 100 national parks distributed across the country, stretching across various biomes. The Hailey National Park...

Ichiro Aoki, in Entropy Principle for the Development of Complex Biotic Systems, 2012 7.2.2Increasing Entropy Production Principle As shown in Table 7.1, the entropy productions in eutrophic Lake Mendota are larger than those in oligotrophic Lake Biwa in any of the categories considered (light absorption, respiration, and total). Therefore, it may be possible to propose that entropy production in a eutrophic lake will generally be larger than that in an oligotrophic lake. Eutrophication in a lake is a directional process: as stated in Chapter 6 , the process tends to proceed with time from oligotrophy to eutrophy in most present lake ecosystems that are surrounded especially by the environment full of organic matter (anthropogenic restoration is not considered here). Hence, the entropy production in lakes will increase with time, accompanying the process of eutrophication; this may be called the Entropy Law for Eutrophication and has already been proposed by Aoki (1989a, 1990a). It should be noted that this principle of the increase of entropy production with time i.e. Maximum Entropy Production Principle (MEP) was pointed out by Aoki (1989a, 1990a) for the first time for real natural processes occurring in nature. However, “the increasing entropy production principle” is opposite to the Prigogine Minimum Entropy Production Principle ( Nicolis & Prigogine, 1977), which states that entropy production decreases with time and reaches a minimum ( Chapter 1). Prigogine’s princi...

davebloggs007/CC-BY 2.0 Abiotic factors in a lake ecosystem include non-living components such as light, temperature, pH of the water and oxygen content. Biotic factors include living components of a lake such as bacteria, phytoplanktons, aquatic plants, zooplankton, crustaceans, molluscs, insects, fish and other vertebrates. Abiotic factors are the conditions or objects that affect the ecosystem and living organisms of the lake. One of the most important abiotic factors is the sun, which provides light and heat. The light helps sustain photosynthesis in phytoplanktons and aquatic plants. Temperature of the water is another important abiotic factor since several organisms in lake ecosystems are unable to regulate their body temperatures internally; therefore, they depend on the temperature of their surroundings. The temperature of the water is higher closer to the surface of the lake, while the lower zone of the lake remains cooler. In winter, a layer of ice could form over the lake and change the temperature and light availability. Wind affects the surface water of the lake and the buoyant organisms that live on it. The chemistry of the lake, such as the pH and the concentration of dissolved oxygen, also determine the type of ecosystem present. Biotic factors include the living organisms that impact the ecosystem of the lake. Bacteria help in decomposing waste material and are present in the gut of several organisms. Lakes also have producers such as phytoplankton (for ex...

With so many different animals worldwide, scientists have found different ways to categorize them. One way is through how they obtain their nutrients. Some consume decaying matter, while others eat plants or other animals. Detritivores are a category of decomposers that get their nutrients in a very specific way. In this article we’ll look at some examples of detritivores and explore some of the different species in this category. The varied types of detritivores show just how important they are to the ecosystems on our planet. We’re about to find out more, but first… What is a detritivore? Detritivores are animals that get nutrition from eating organic matter consisting of dead plants and animal materials or feces. On land, most detritivores are invertebrate insects. In marine environments, they are mostly crustaceans or Detritivores are a type of decomposer, even though the two terms are sometimes used interchangeably. True decomposers such as bacteria or fungi absorb nutrients through their bodies. In contrast, detritivores eat nutrients through their mouths. Both detritivores and 14 examples of detritivores Here is a list of 14 animals that you might not have known were considered detritivores. Let’s take a look at their pictures and learn more about each of them. 1. Millipedes millipede Scientific family: Diplopoda There are thousands of millipede speciesand you can find them on every continent except Antarctica. They prefer to burrow into moist, warm soil. They eat a...