Bombay blood group

To understand Bombay Blood Group we must understand the details of blood grouping. When we say someone has blood group A, it means that the person has antigen of type 'A' and antibody of type 'B' in his/her blood. People with AB have both antigen A and B in their blood and no antibodies. People with O blood group have only antibodies A and B and no antigens. However what is not generally known is that all these groups have an antigen H on in the blood as well. There are very few people who do not have this antigen H also in their blood. Instead they have antibody H because of which no other blood can be given to them. - Blood Groups(Antigens and Antibodies) Blood Group Antigens Antibodies A A,H B B B,H A AB A,B,H - O H A,B Bombay Blood Group - A,B,H

Problems with blood transfusion The first person found to have the Bombay phenotype had a blood type that reacted to other blood types in a way never seen before. The serum contained Individuals with the rare Bombay phenotype (hh) do not express Receiving blood that contains an antigen which has never been in the patient's own blood causes an immune reaction due to the immune system of a hypothetical receiver producing immunoglobulins against that antigen—in the case of a Bombay patient, not only against antigens A and B, but also against H antigen. In order to avoid complications during a [ citation needed] Genetics Bombay phenotype occurs in individuals who have inherited two recessive alleles of the H gene (i.e. their genotype is hh). These individuals do not produce the H carbohydrate that is the precursor to the A and B antigens, meaning that individuals may possess alleles for either or both of the A and B alleles without being able to express them. Because both parents must carry this recessive allele to transmit this blood type to their children, the condition mainly occurs in small closed-off communities where there is a good chance of both parents of a child either being of Bombay type, or being heterozygous for the h allele and so carrying the Bombay characteristic as recessive. Other examples may include noble families, which are inbred due to custom rather than local genetic variety. Hemolytic disease of the newborn In theory, the maternal production of anti-H...

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Bombay blood group (HH blood group) • Bombay blood group is the rarest blood group. First found in Bombay (Mumbai) in India, hence called Bombay blood group. • The Bombay Phenotype was first reported by Bhende 1952 in Bombay, India. • This very rare phenotype is generally present in about 0.0004% (about 4 per million) of the human population, though in some places such as Mumbai (formerly Bombay) locals can have occurrences in as much as 0.01% (1 in 10,000) of inhabitants. • Given that this condition is very rare, any person with this blood group who needs an urgent blood transfusion will probably be unable to get it, as no blood bank would have any in stock. It is also called the HH group. • The peculiarity is that they do not express the H antigen. As a result, they cannot form A antigens or B antigens on their red blood cells. • When we say someone has blood group A, it means that the person has antigen of type ‘A’ and antibody of type ‘B’ in his/her blood. • People with AB have both antigen A and B in their blood and no antibodies. • People with O blood group have only antibodies A and B and no antigens. • However, what is not generally known is that all these groups have an antigen H in the blood as well. • There are very few people who do not have this antigen H also in their blood. • Instead, they have antibody H because of which no other blood can be given to them. • The function of the H antigen, apart from being an intermediate substrate in the synthesis of ABO b...

Bombay blood group is a rare blood type. People with this blood type always show up as type O on a blood test. But they can have hidden DNA for other blood types, which they may pass on to a child. This very rare blood type is most “common” in southeast Asia. For example, around 1 person in 10,000 has this blood type in India. It’s much rarer in other parts of the world. It’s literally a 1-in-a-million event in people with European ancestry! It’s so rare that people with this blood type can’t reliably get a blood transfusion, and may An Order of Operations Perhaps you have heard of the “blood type gene”. The ABO gene can come in three different versions: A, B or O. The versions you inherit determine whether your blood is type A, type B, type AB, or type O. When we talk about the genetics of blood type, we typically only refer to the ABO gene. And that’s okay. Usually we don’t need to go into greater detail. (Read more about ABO blood type here .) But Bombay blood group is caused by a different blood type gene, FUT1. These two genes both affect blood type, and act in sequence with each other. When one gene requires another to act before it, it is called epistasis. We say that the first gene to act in a sequence is epistatic to the second gene. In this relationship, the first gene to act controls the trait. Gene 1 is epistatic to Gene 2. One example of epistasis is baldness. Baldness is epistatic to hair color. If you get the gene for baldness, it does not matter what gene y...

Harshal Ware, whose type is Bombay blood group, donates a unit in Pune. (Source: Think Foundation) Over the last two weeks, the “Bombay blood group”, a rare blood type, has been at the centre of attention in Mumbai’s healthcare scene. Demand for the blood type has coincidentally spiked at hospitals, but supply has been scarce. Blood types, common & rare The four most common blood groups are A, B, AB and O. The rare, Bombay blood group was first discovered in Dr Arun Thorat, in-charge of Maharashtra State Blood Transfusion Council, said this blood type is more common in South Asia than anywhere else because of inbreeding and close community marriages. “It is genetically passed,” he said. Shared common ancestry among Indians, Sri Lankans, Pakistanis and Bangladeshis has led to more cases of hh blood phenotype in this region. Testing for the group To test for hh blood, an Antigen H blood test is required. Often the hh blood group is confused with the O group. The difference is that the O group has Antigen H, while the hh group does not. If anyone lacks Antigen H, it does not mean he or she suffers from poor immunity or may be more prone to diseases. Their counts for haemoglobin, platelets, white blood cells and red blood cells are similar to the count of others based on their health index. Because of rarity, however, they do face problems during blood transfusion. Transfusion limitations A 2015 study in the Asian Journal of Transfusion Science observed: “The individuals with ...

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