Cga article

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. The extraction kinetics and equilibrium concentrations of caffeine and 3-chlorogenic acid (3-CGA) in cold brew coffee were investigated by brewing four coffee samples (dark roast/medium grind, dark roast/coarse grind, medium roast/medium grind, medium roast/coarse grind) using cold and hot methods. 3-CGA and caffeine were found at higher concentrations in cold brew coffee made with medium roast coffees, rather than dark roast. The grind size did not impact 3-CGA and caffeine concentrations of cold brew samples significantly, indicating that the rate determining step in extraction for these compounds did not depend on surface area. Caffeine concentrations in cold brew coarse grind samples were substantially higher than their hot brew counterparts. 3-CGA concentrations and pH were comparable between cold and hot brews. This work suggests that the difference in acidity of cold brew coffee is likely not due to 3-CGA or caffeine concentrations considering that most acids in coffee are highly soluble and extract quickly. It was determined that caffeine and 3-CGA concentrations reached equilibrium according to first order kinetics between 6 and 7 hours...

CGA Article Guidelines The primary goal of the Comparative Genre Analysis unit is for students to see that all disciplines incorporate the elements of the academic essay into their writing (thesis, motive, evidence, analysis, structure etc…) even though those elements might look different. A secondary goal is for students to be empowered to ask professors what writing looks when taking a class for the first time in a new discipline. To that end, instructors should choose four articles for this unit that represent a range of academic disciplines. Ideally, papers should include one from the humanities, one from the sciences, and two from the social sciences (one that is more humanistic in nature, such as history, and one that is more quantitative in nature, such as sociology). Shorter is better than longer, and it is important to use a broad theme to allow for maximum flexibility. Humanities elements to look for: • MLA citation style • Single author (or two at most) • Thesis near the beginning of the article • Direct quotations • Active voice Social Science elements to look for: • Chicago Style (for more humanistic) and APA or numerical style (for more quantitative) • Motives that have wider importance / social impact (as opposed to only answering academic questions) • Humanistic papers should include some elements from the humanities, and more quantitative papers should include some elements from the sciences Science elements to look for: • IMRD format • Multiple authors • ...

Increasing numbers of people are living with multiple chronic diseases and increasing frailty. Patching up one issue can aggravate another; another may not improve until a further one is addressed. These people need a coordinated multidisciplinary assessment to clarify their diagnoses and management plans, also taking into account patients’ own wishes and their broader social environment and support. This assessment process is known as comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA), and is associated with improved mortality and reduced risk of institutionalization. CGA requires assessment in a number of domains, which are outlined in the article along with examples of the roles of the different members of the multidisciplinary team. The article also addresses the role of rehabilitation and complex discharge planning. • Previous article in issue • Next article in issue

L3MBTL2 is a crucial component of ncPRC1.6 and has been implicated in transcriptional repression and chromatin compaction. However, the repression mechanism of L3MBTL2 and its biological functions are largely undefined. Here, we found that L3MBTL2 plays a distinct oncogenic role in tumor development. We demonstrated that L3MBTL2 repressed downstream CGA through an H2AK119ub1-dependent mechanism. Importantly, the binding of the MGA/MAX heterodimer to the E-box on the CGA promoter enhanced the specific selective repression of CGA by L3MBTL2. CGA encodes the alpha subunit of glycoprotein hormones; however, we showed that CGA plays an individual tumor suppressor role in PDAC. Moreover, CGA-transcript1 (T1) was identified as the major transcript, and the tumor suppression function of CGA-T1 depends on its own glycosylation. Furthermore, glycosylated CGA-T1 inhibited PDAC, partly by repression of autophagy through multiple pathways, including PI3K/Akt/mTOR and TP53INP2 pathways. These findings reveal the important roles of L3MBTL2 and CGA in tumor development. Data and code availability The RNA-seq data generated during this study are available at Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO): GSE184834. This paper does not report original code. Any additional information required to reanalyze the data reported in this paper is available from the lead contact upon request. • About ScienceDirect • Remote access • Shopping cart • Advertise • Contact and support • Terms and conditions • Privacy po...

• Rachael Lucia Miller , • Jonathan David Barnes • Ronelle Mouton , • Philip Braude • Robert Hinchliffe , • 1 Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK • 2 Vascular Surgery, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, England • 3 Anaesthesia, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK • 4 CLARITY (Collaborate Ageing Research) group, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK • Correspondence to Ms Rachael Lucia Miller; rm17210bristol.ac.uk Objectives Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is a complex intervention applied to older people with evidence of benefit in medical populations. The aim of this systematic review was to describe how CGA is applied to surgical populations in randomised controlled trials. This will provide a basis for design of future studies focused on optimising CGA as a complex intervention. Results 12 121 titles and abstracts were screened, 68 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility and 22 articles included, reporting on 13 trials. 10 trials focused on inpatients with hip fracture, with 7 of these delivering CGA on a geriatric medicine ward, 3 on a surgical ward. The remaining three trials were in elective general surgery all delivering CGA on a surgical ward. CGA components, duration of intervention and personnel delivering the intervention were highly variable across the different studies. Trials favoured postoperative delivery of CGA (11/13). Only four trials reported data on adherence to the CGA intervention. Conclusions CGA as an ...