Chrysophytes

Old thread- but I’m dealing with this too and just found it. Don’t know why it didn’t come up in my previous searches before, but i found your posts in the mega Vibrant thread So- you dosed daily, 5 mls for 15 days with a 3 day black out and manual removal? Is that right? I have a 225g system volume, 180 g DT abs been dealing with Chrysophytes for about 6 months of my tanks 1 year existence. I’ve trued several rounds of ineffective treatments and was just about to start a peroxide regimen when I found your info. I’m currently dosing potassium nitrate to 5- 7ppm every 6-8 days (past 7 weeks) and sodium phosphate to 0.15ppm pretty much every few days the past 2 weeks. I actually just got some seachem phosphorus to try instead of the eBay NaPO4 I bought previous. The Chrysophytes darkened up after about 3 weeks at 5ppm nitrate and we’re a little easier to scrub off also. Just keep coming back. Would be amazing if I could use vibrant and knock this thing out. Cheers I was using Vibrant, but I'm not sure that it was all that helpful in knocking it out. It's a photosynthetic algae that thrives in low nutrient environments. You can tackle it by simultaneously dosing nitrates and doing a few 3 day blackouts. I had coral in the tank, so I would give them two days of light, and then do another 3 day light out period. Manual removal between lights out periods also helps. Yeah, I’ve tried upping my Nitrate to 5-7ppm and my PO4 to around 0.15, with manual removal, silicate removal and ...

Euglena, a eukaryotic protist The term ‘Protista’ is derived from the Greek word “protistos”, meaning “ the very first“. These organisms are usually unicellular and the cell of these organisms contains a nucleus which is bound to the organelles. Some of them even possess structures that aid locomotion like Scientists speculate that protists form a link between plants, animals and fungi as these three kingdoms diverged from a common protist-like ancestor, billions of years ago. Though this “protists-like” ancestor is a hypothetical organism, we can trace some genes found in modern animals and plants to these ancient organisms. Therefore, these organisms are traditionally considered the first eukaryotic forms of life and a predecessor to plants, animals and fungi. Detailed Insight: Characteristics of Kingdom Protista The primary feature of all protists is that they are eukaryotic organisms. This means that they have a membrane-enclosed nucleus. Other characteristic features of Kingdom Protista are as follows: • These are usually aquatic, present in the soil or in areas with moisture. • Most protist species are unicellular organisms, however, there are a few multicellular protists such as kelp. Some species of kelp grow so large that they exceed over 100 feet in height. (Giant Kelp). • Just like any other eukaryote, the cells of these species have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. • They may be autotrophic or heterotrophic in nature. An autotrophic organism can cr...

Chrysophyte algae produce a siliceous stage in their life cycle, through either asexual or sexual reproduction, known as a cyst. Cysts form in response to shifts in environmental conditions, population density, or predation pressure, and upon germination provide a seed source for future populations. Cysts are morphologically distinct for each species, and since their remains become part of the sediment or fossil record cysts are valuable tools in ecological and paleolimnological investigations. However, their value as biological indicators is limited because the vast majority of cyst morphotypes have not been linked to specific vegetative species. In the current work, an exquisitely preserved and morphologically complex cyst type is described from a 48 million year old early Eocene fossil site. This finding is remarkable since many of the cysts were still associated with components of the living vegetative cells that produced them, enabling the morphotype to be immediately linked to the synurophyte, Mallomonas ampla. Fusion of identifiable components of the living cell post cyst formation is unknown in modern investigations. The identification of the cyst structure for M. ampla could be valuable in determining cyst morphotypes for other species in the lineage. The Chrysophyceae, commonly referred to as golden-brown algae, is a diverse, cosmopolitan, and ecologically significant group of heterokont algae that is especially important in freshwater ecosystems As is true with ...

The cellular content of nuclear DNA varies up to 200,000-fold between eukaryotes. These differences can arise via different mechanisms. In particular, cell size and nutritional mode may influence evolution of the nuclear DNA content. Chrysophytes comprise organisms with different cell organizations and nutritional modes. Heterotrophic clades evolved independently several times from phototrophic or mixotrophic ancestors. Thus, chrysophytes are an ideal model taxon for investigating the effect of the nutritional mode on cellular DNA content. We investigated the genome size of heterotrophic, mixotrophic, and phototrophic chrysophytes. We demonstrate that cell sizes and genome sizes differ significantly between taxa with different nutritional modes. Phototrophic strains tend to have larger cell volumes and larger genomes than heterotrophic strains do. The investigated mixotrophic strains had intermediate cell volumes and small to intermediate genome sizes. Heterotrophic chrysophytes had the smallest genomes and cell volumes compared to other chrysophytes. In general, genome size increased with cell volume, but cell volume only partially explained the variation in genome size. In particular, genome sizes of mixotrophic strains were smaller than expected based on cell sizes. The evolution of genome sizes is of special interest because huge variation in the amount of DNA (up to 200,000-fold for eukaryotes) are the result of complex interactions between various evolutionary forces...

I started with a Waterbox 100.3 tank about 4 months ago that now I have some fish and a few coral. I went through a quick diatom bloom after and then things started to look beautiful. Around month 3 I even started to get a few small splotches of pink coralline algae on the glass. I had started with all dry rock and I knew better than to let my nutrients bottom out. As my tank was establishing I was testing everyday. Nitrates were staying around 3-4 ppm and I had a 0.02 phosphate and things seemed really stable. Then i went on vacation and got busy at work and was testing a bit less. I noticed during this time, but did not think much about this brown snotty stuff starting grow on the rocks, glass and sand. As it started to really take over I got a bit more concerned. I tested and my nitrates had gone down to 0.5 ppm and phosphates were 0. Well crud.... This "stuff" was very snotty, stringy and would have a bubble. So i thought i had dinos which i battled for about 6 months on a previous tank years ago. I grabbed a sample and put it under a small scope. I saw a couple few big differences than the last time i had dinos. The cells looked really small and there was no movement at all. My dino outbreak were much bigger and those things were moving everywhere. Here is what I saw I started searching the forums and definitely I started to figure out these were probably chrysophytes or some people were calling it golden algae. After reading everything I could find on them the best t...

Abstract Chrysophytes are important organisms of the freshwater ecosystems. We investigated species composition by mean of electron and light microscopy of monthly samples collected in Tuyen Lam Reservoir, Lam Dong Province, Viet Nam in 2014. Among the fifteen taxa of silica-scaled chrysophytes five are new records for Viet Nam. • Adam, D.P. and Mahood, A.D., Chrysophytes cysts as potential environmental indicators, Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. I., 1981, vol. 92, p. 839. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2846116 • Boenigk, J., Wodniok, S., Bock, C., Beisser, D., Hempel, C., Grossmann, L., Lange, A. and Jensen, M., Geographic distance and mountain ranges structure freshwater protist communities on a European scale, Metabarcoding Metagenomics, 2018, vol. 2. p. e21519. • Bessudova, A.Yu., Tomberg, I.V., Firsova, A. D., Kopyrina, L.I., Likhoshway, Ye.V., Silica-scaled chrysophytes in lakes Labynkyr and Vorota of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic, Russia, Nova Hedwigia Beih, 2019, vol. 148., p. 35. • Betts-Piper, A. M., Zeeb, B. A. and Smol, J. P., Distribution and autecology of chrysophyte cysts from high Arctic Svalbard lakes: preliminary evidence of recent environmental change, J. Paleolimnol., 2004, vol. 31, no. 4, p. 467. • Boo, S.M., Kim, H.S., Shin, W., et al., Complex phylogeographic patterns in the freshwater alga Synura provide new insights into ubiquity vs. endemism in microbial eukaryotes, Mol. Ecol., 2010, vol. 19, p. 4328. • Cole, G. A., Textbook of Limnology, Prospect Heights: W...

Chrysophytes are plant-like protists that can be found in marine and freshwater environments which are often low in calcium. There are three main types of chrysophytes: diatoms (bacillariophyta), golden-brown algae (chrysophyceae), and yellow-green algae (xanthophyceae). Although many are unicellular and free swimming, some chrysophytes, like the dynobryon above, join together and form colonies, like the filamentous algae colony to the right. There are over 1000 described species of Chrysophytes, and, because there are so many species, there is no common cell structure shared by them. Some species have cell walls made of cellulose strengthened by silica compounds, while others are amoeboid without any cell walls.

Contents • 1 Classification • 1.1 Higher order taxa: • 1.2 Classes: • 2 Description and Significance • 3 Genome Structure • 4 Cell Structure and Metabolism • 5 Ecology • 6 References Classification Higher order taxa: Eukaryota, stramenopiles Classes: Diatoms (Bacillariophyta), Golden-brown algae (Chrysophyceae), Yellow-green algae (Xanthophyceae) NCBI: Description and Significance Chrysophyta is a phylum of unicellular marine or freshwater protists. Members of this phylum include the diatoms (class Bacillariophyta), golden/golden-brown algae (class Chrysophyceae), and yellow-green algae (class Xanthophyceae). Species' characteristics are varied: some are free-swimming unicells, while others are filamentous or colonial. Many chysophtyes are photosynthetic, which led to their initial categorization as plants. Actually, however, they are protist "secondary endosymbionts." That is, their evolutionary history included ingestion of an algae that already possessed a chloroplast descendent of a photosynthetic bacterium. The ingested algae (with its chloroplast) ultimately degenerated as an obligate organelle of the protist cell. Genome Structure Two Chrysophyta mitochondrial genomes have been sequenced (see them Cell Structure and Metabolism Golden alga Image from Texas Parks and Wildlife. Because Chrysophyta encompasses so many species, there is no common cell structure. Some cell walls are comprised mainly of cellulose, with large amounts of silica, while some are amoeboid with ...