Ckd nursing diagnosis

Table of contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • What is Acute Renal Failure? Acute renal failure (ARF), also known as acute acute kidney Traditionally, AKI may be classified into three general categories. Prerenal which occurs as an adaptive response to severe volume depletion and Intrinsic that occurs in response to cytotoxic, ischemic, or inflammatory insults to the kidney, with structural and functional damage. Lastly, Postrenal occurs from obstruction to the passage of urine. The annual incidence of acute renal failure is 100 cases for every million people in the United States. It is diagnosed in 1% of hospital admissions. AKI develops within 30 days postoperatively in approximately 1% of general Most clients with AKI have no clinical symptoms related to AKI and are diagnosed on the basis of a routine laboratory The prognosis for clients with AKI is directly related to the cause of the injury and, to a great extent, to the presence or absence of preexisting kidney disease, as well as to the duration of kidney dysfunction prior to therapeutic intervention (Workeneh & Batuman, 2022). Nursing Care Plans and Management The nursing care plan and management for clients with acute renal failure are to promote renal function, correct or eliminate any reversible causes of kidney failure, and provide supportive care. Specific interventions include monitoring and managing Nursing Problem Priorities The following are the nursing priorities for patients with acute renal failure (...

Acute kidney injury is a sudden loss of kidney function in which the kidneys are unable to filter waste products from the blood. When the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste, the chemical makeup of the blood may go out of balance, and dangerous levels of waste may accumulate. Acute renal failure is another name for acute kidney injury. It can damage other organs, including the brain, heart, and Acute kidney injury is more likely to occur among individuals who have already been admitted to a hospital, particularly those who are severely ill and require intensive care. Acute kidney injury affects one in every million persons in the United States each year, and it is identified in 1% among all hospital admissions. The goal of nursing care for individuals with acute kidney injury is to address or eliminate any causes that can be reversed. Prompt diagnosis of AKI’s underlying causes, correcting fluid and electrolyte imbalances, acid-base balance stabilization, proper nutrition, and preventing complications are all part of patient care. Signs and Symptoms of Acute Kidney Injury Acute kidney injury can have diverse signs and symptoms, depending on the etiology, which includes the following: • Scanty or insufficient urine output, but may also be normal to some patients on occasion • Swelling of the legs, ankles, and around the eyes as a result of fluid retention • Tiredness or • Breathing difficulty • • • Pressure or • abnormal heart rhythm • In severe cases, In some circum...

Pathophysiology Acute kidney injury, also known as acute renal failure, is when the kidneys stop working over the period of a few hours or a few days. People at risk for AKI are those who have high blood pressure, a chronic illness such as heart or liver disease or diabetes, or those who have peripheral artery disease. AKI requires immediate treatment but is usually reversible if treated quickly. Etiology Acute kidney injury is a result of direct kidney damage, decreased blood flow or blockage of the urinary tract. Direct damage may be a result of sudden trauma to the kidneys, sepsis, scleroderma or allergic reaction. Other, more common, causes include a blockage in the ureters such as kidney stones, blood clots, enlarged prostate or multiple myeloma. Hypotension, severe diarrhea, infection, overuse of NSAIDs, dehydration or severe burns may cause decreased blood flow. Desired Outcome Restore kidney function to optimal state, patient will maintain hydration and be free from infection or chronic kidney damage. Acute Kidney Injury Nursing Care Plan Objective Data: • Dependent edema • Periorbital edema • Seizures • Tachycardia with hypertension • Decreased urine output • Electrolyte abnormalities • ↑ Potassium • ↓ Sodium • ↑ Phosphate • ↓ Calcium • ↑ BUN/Creatinine • ↓ GFR Nursing Interventions and Rationales • Monitor vitals • Heart rate • Blood pressure • Chest x-ray may show increase in cardiac size, pleural effusion or pericardial congestion due to fluid overload • Urinal...

Share on Pinterest Getty Images/mixetto Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition that happens when your kidneys are damaged and can no longer process and filter your blood the way they should. This leads to waste and fluid retention and increasing symptoms as the condition progresses. Eventually, CKD Nursing care plans help healthcare professionals treat people with The plans also indicate when interventions are needed to bring these levels within set ranges or goals that have been identified for each stage of the disease. Following CKD care plans can help relieve symptoms, prevent complications (such as secondary heart conditions), and slow disease progression. CKD progresses in • Stage 1: kidney damage but a normal or increased • Stage 2: mild reduction in GFR — 60 to 89 mL/min/1.73 m² • Stage 3a: moderate reduction in GFR — 45 to 59 mL/min/1.73 m² • Stage 3b: moderate reduction in GFR — 30 to 44 mL/min/1.73 m² • Stage 4: severe reduction in GFR — 15 to 29 mL/min/1.73 m² • Stage 5: kidney failure with GFR of less than 15 mL/min/1.73 m² or dialysis Nursing care plans help healthcare professionals monitor and manage CKD progression by identifying appropriate measurements of kidney-related functions specific to each stage of the disease. If your GFR does not fall within the identified range for your stage of CKD, healthcare professionals can begin interventions to help address the issue. Impaired urinary elimination One function CKD care plans monitor is how ...

Pathophysiology Chronic kidney disease includes conditions that damage the kidneys and decrease their ability to effectively filter waste products from the blood. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) develops slowly over time and often presents with no symptoms. Progressed kidney disease may lead to kidney failure which may require dialysis and lead to death. Etiology The two most common causes of CKD are uncontrolled hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Long term elevated pressure of hypertension within the artery walls and damage to the blood vessels from excess glucose can reduce the blood flow to the kidneys causing improper filtration of waste. Prolonged obstruction, as with kidney stones, or recurrent urinary tract infections may also damage the kidneys and inhibit their ability to filter and remove waste products into the urine. Desired Outcome Maintain optimal control of blood pressure and blood glucose, avoid further progression of the disease to cardiac involvement, maintain optimal fluid balance, and prevent complications. Chronic Kidney Disease Nursing Care Plan • Fluid retention from improper glomerular filtration may collect in the myocardium resulting in stress on the heart and the lungs. Listen for friction rub and pulmonary crackles or congestion • Monitor lab/diagnostic studies: Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) <60 indicates kidney disease, <15 indicates kidney failure, CT / Ultrasound Kidney biopsy (if necessary), Chest x-ray – if indicated • GFR- is a blood test...

Kidney damage is still a concern. Microavascular changes occur in both of the patient’s kidneys as a complication of the diabetes. Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. The kidneys continue to produce urine until the end stage. Nephropathy occurs even with insulin management. The patient should follow a low-protein diet with a prescribed amount of water. The patient requires some protein to meet metabolic needs. Salt substitutes shouldn’t be used without a doctor’s order because it may contain potassium, which could make the patient hyperkalemic. Fluid and protein restrictions are needed. Your patient has complaints of severe right-sided flank pain, nausea, vomiting and restlessness. He appears slightly pale and is diaphoretic. Vital signs are BP 140/90 mmHg, Pulse 118 beats/min., respirations 33 breaths/minute, and temperature, 98.0F. Which subjective data supports a diagnosis of renal calculi? Your 60 y.o. patient with pyelonephritis and possible septicemia has had five UTIs over the past two years. She is fatigued from lack of sleep, has lost weight, and urinates frequently even in the night. Her labs show: sodium, 154 mEq/L; osmolarity 340 mOsm/L; glucose, 127 mg/dl; and potassium, 3.9 mEq/L. Which nursing diagnosis is priority? Pyridium is taken to relieve dysuria because is provides an analgesic and anesthetic effect on the urinary tract mucosa. The patient can stop taking it after the dysuria is relieved. The urine may temporarily tur...

Hematuria is the term used to describe the presence of blood in the urine. Gross hematuria is urine that appears pink, red, or cola-colored. Sometimes the blood cannot be visualized but is found through a urinalysis called microscopic hematuria. Hematuria itself is not painful; however, other associated symptoms and causes can cause pain. Blood in the urine can result from infections, trauma, menstruation, medications, and medical conditions such as: • • • Kidney or bladder stone • Enlarged prostate • • • Hematuria is diagnosed through a physical exam and urine test. An imaging test like a CT scan, MRI, or an ultrasound and a cystoscopy may be performed to help visualize the urinary system and determine the cause of the bleeding. Nursing Process Hematuria is often a symptom of an underlying medical condition, and its management will vary depending on the causative condition. Treatment typically includes diagnostic testing, monitoring of related symptoms, antibiotic therapy to treat an underlying infection, and patient education. Nursing Care Plans Related to Hematuria Acute Pain Inflammation of the urethra, bladder, kidney, or prostate may cause hematuria and painful urination. Trauma to the ureters from renal stones may also cause hematuria and pain. Nursing Diagnosis: Related to: • Disease process • Inflammatory process • Presence of blood clots • Renal calculi • Urinary tract infection As evidenced by: • Dysuria • Diaphoresis • Expressive behavior • Guarding behavior • ...

Chronic kidney disease: Clinical Nursing Care In addition to those over the age of 65, some risk factors give people a higher likelihood of kidney disease. Some races are more susceptible, in this case those of African American, Asian American, and Native American descent at higher risk. Smoking is another risk factor, as the damage to the vascular system can impact a patients renal function as well. Other common risk factors are obesity, family history of kidney disease, congenital abnormalities and deformities, and having certain autoimmune diseases. Nursing Care Plan For End Stage Renal Disease 4 Nursing Diagnosis: Risk for Infection related to metabolic acidosis, pulmonary edema, uremia, and loss of appetite secondary to ESRD Desired Outcome: The patient will not manifest a temperature remaining below 99 degrees Fahrenheit, a normal WBC count, and/or negative urine and/or blood cultures Nursing Interventions for End Stage Renal Disease Rationale As the ESRD worsens, monitor changes in body temperature, respiratory system, and urine system. Explains the existence of infection brought on by a chronic condition that is progressing as well as how it is affecting all systems. Examine lab findings for infection . To both avoid and treat an infection that may be secondary to ESRD. Safeguard cultures of sputum or urine for analysis. Identifies the presence, kind, and specific antibiotic sensitivity of the microorganisms causing the infection. When necessary, perform proper han...

Pathophysiology Chronic kidney disease includes conditions that damage the kidneys and decrease their ability to effectively filter waste products from the blood. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) develops slowly over time and often presents with no symptoms. Progressed kidney disease may lead to kidney failure which may require dialysis and lead to death. Etiology The two most common causes of CKD are uncontrolled hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Long term elevated pressure of hypertension within the artery walls and damage to the blood vessels from excess glucose can reduce the blood flow to the kidneys causing improper filtration of waste. Prolonged obstruction, as with kidney stones, or recurrent urinary tract infections may also damage the kidneys and inhibit their ability to filter and remove waste products into the urine. Desired Outcome Maintain optimal control of blood pressure and blood glucose, avoid further progression of the disease to cardiac involvement, maintain optimal fluid balance, and prevent complications. Chronic Kidney Disease Nursing Care Plan • Fluid retention from improper glomerular filtration may collect in the myocardium resulting in stress on the heart and the lungs. Listen for friction rub and pulmonary crackles or congestion • Monitor lab/diagnostic studies: Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) <60 indicates kidney disease, <15 indicates kidney failure, CT / Ultrasound Kidney biopsy (if necessary), Chest x-ray – if indicated • GFR- is a blood test...

Share on Pinterest Getty Images/mixetto Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition that happens when your kidneys are damaged and can no longer process and filter your blood the way they should. This leads to waste and fluid retention and increasing symptoms as the condition progresses. Eventually, CKD Nursing care plans help healthcare professionals treat people with The plans also indicate when interventions are needed to bring these levels within set ranges or goals that have been identified for each stage of the disease. Following CKD care plans can help relieve symptoms, prevent complications (such as secondary heart conditions), and slow disease progression. CKD progresses in • Stage 1: kidney damage but a normal or increased • Stage 2: mild reduction in GFR — 60 to 89 mL/min/1.73 m² • Stage 3a: moderate reduction in GFR — 45 to 59 mL/min/1.73 m² • Stage 3b: moderate reduction in GFR — 30 to 44 mL/min/1.73 m² • Stage 4: severe reduction in GFR — 15 to 29 mL/min/1.73 m² • Stage 5: kidney failure with GFR of less than 15 mL/min/1.73 m² or dialysis Nursing care plans help healthcare professionals monitor and manage CKD progression by identifying appropriate measurements of kidney-related functions specific to each stage of the disease. If your GFR does not fall within the identified range for your stage of CKD, healthcare professionals can begin interventions to help address the issue. Impaired urinary elimination One function CKD care plans monitor is how ...