Class 9 history chapter pastoralists in the modern world notes

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2.4 CBSE Class 9 Economics Pastoralists in the Modern World Notes For a long time, Gujjar Bakarwals from Jammu and Kashmir moved to the highlands in the nineteenth century in search of grasslands (pastures)for their cattle. Pastoralism is the practise of transporting animals, such as cattle and sheep, from one location to another in search of food and water. They lived with their cattle on the low hills of the Siwalik range during the winter when the high mountains were covered with snow. End of April they start their northern march in search of their summer grazing areas. Which is called as kafila. The group of families travelling together, was formed for this expedition. On the Plateaus, Plains and Deserts 1) The Dhangars – Maharashtra Dhangars were an important pastoral community of Maharashtra in early twentieth century. Most of them were shepherds, some were blanket weavers, and still others were buffalo herders. • During the monsoon, the Dhangar shepherds stayed on the central Maharashtra plateau. • This area was semi-arid, with little rainfall and poor soil. • This tract expanded into a large grazing area for the Dhangar flocks during the monsoon season. • The Dhangars began moving west in October after harvesting their bajra. • They arrived in the Konkan after a march month. • Because dhangars assist with the kharif harvest, manure the fields, and feed on the stubble, Konkani farmers always welcome them. • The Dhangars left the Konkan as the monsoon arrived and wen...

The Class 9th History Chapter 5 start with the explanation of nomad people and their movement in India. Then the chapter explains how pastoralism has influenced societies in India and Africa. At the end of the chapter, it is discussed how colonialism has affected the lives of Nomadic people. (Image to be added soon) Nomads are people who do not stay in one place for an extended period. Pastoralists, on the other hand, are those who own a lot of sheep, goats, or buffaloes. These animals feed on the area that is appropriate for them. This chapter is dedicated to these tribes who have been forgotten. We tend to believe that nomadic pastoralists were ancient people. These tribes, however, were highly active in the recent past and continue to live in the twenty-first century. Pastoral Nomads in the Mountains 1. The Gujjar Bakarwal Tribe • According to Anil Kumar and Naresh Kumar's research, the Gujjar Bakarwal tribe arrived in Jammu and Kashmir between 1127 and 1154 AD and spent the summer in the highlands of the state. The J&K mountains provided excellent grasses for their animals during the summer. • As winter approached, the Gujjar Bakarwal were forced to relocate to the Shiwalik range's base. • Their cattle were given pasture in the dry forests of the little Shiwalik highlands until April when they returned to the northern mountainous region of Jammu and Kashmir. • They had set up several dwellings in the centere of these two areas to make their journey easier. Kafila was t...

12 ALSO READ Nomads Definition Nomads are people who do not live in one place but move from one area to another to earn their living. Pastoralism has been important in societies like India and Africa. Pastoral Nomads & their movements In the mountains (A) Gujjar Bakarwals. (i) The Gujjar Bakarwals of Jammu and Kashmir are great herders of goat and sheep. Many of them migrated to this region in the nineteenth century in search of pastures for their animals. Gradually, over the decades, they established themselves in the area, and moved annually between their summer and winter grazing grounds. (ii) In winter, when the high mountains were covered with snow, they lived with their herds in the low hills of the Siwalik range. The dry scrub forests here provided pasture for their herds. (iii) By the end of April they began their northern march for their summer grazing grounds. Several households came together for this journey, forming what is known as a kafila. They crossed the Pir Panjal passes and entered the valley of Kashmir. (iv) With the onset of summer, the snow melted and the mountainsides were lush green. The variety of grasses that sprouted provided rich nutritious forage for the animal herds. By end September the Bakarwals were on the move again, this time on their downward journey, back to their winter base. When the high mountains were covered with snow, the herds were grazed in the low hills. (B) (i) The Gaddi shepherds of Himachal Pradesh had a similar cycle of sea...

CBSE Class 9 Social Science Revision Notes Get Here free PDF download of CBSE Class 9 Social Science Revision Notes and short key-notes to score more marks in your exams. These Notes of Social Science Class 9 for History, Geography, Economics and Political Science make the complicated problems look easy as they are broken into simple steps with a lucid explanation of each step. Handwritten Notes of SST for Class 9 are important to enable students to have a quick recap of the entire syllabus in no time. One can easily revise the precise notes in a day or two. This helps one to recall all he/she has read and practice for the entire year. Once they get the hint, the students are quick to recall the entire material. Study Key Notes or Revision notes helps students in quick revision to recall all that has been learned throughout the year. Notes make this process of recall easy. Type of Question Marks per Question Total No. of Questions Total Marks Objective Type Questions 1 20 20 Short Answer Type Questions 3 8 24 Long Answer Type Questions 5 6 30 Map Skills 3+3 6 Total 34 80 CBSE Social Science Class 9 Syllabus The CBSE has designed the Social Science syllabus for class 9 with the objective to develop an understanding about the country with respect to its historical perspective, economic development, geographical distribution and political scenario. Check below the details of CBSE Social Science Class 9 Syllabus 2022-2023along with the unit-wise marks distribution and importan...

Who are Pastoralists? The goats, sheep or cattle farmers are known as Pastoralists. Pastoral Nomads and their Movements In the Mountains The Gujjar Bakarwals of Jammu and Kashmir • They are pastoral nomads who move in groups called ‘Kafila’. • Their movements are governed by the cold and snow. • In winters when the high mountains are covered with snow these Gujjars move down to the low hills of the Sivalik range. • On the onset of summer, when the snow melts and the mountains become lush and green, these pastoralists move back to the mountains. The Gaddi Shepherds of Himachal Pradesh • They also spend the winter on the low Sivalik hills and the summers in Lahul and Spiti. The Gujjar cattle herders of Kumaon and Garhwal • They spend their summers in the ‘bugyals’ and their winters in the ‘bhabar’. The Bhotias, Sherpas and Kinnauri • They follow the cyclic movement which helps them to adjust to seasonal changes and make best use of pastures. On the plateaus, plains and deserts The Dhangars of Maharashtra • The Dhangars stay in the central plateau of Maharashtra during the monsoon. • This is a semi-arid region. • By October they begin their movement towards Konkan. → Here their cattle help to manure the fields and hence they are welcomed by the Konkani peasant. → As soon as the monsoon sets in, they retreat back to the semi-arid land of Maharashtra. The Gollas and Kurumas and Kurubas of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh • The Gollas herded cattle. • The Kurumas and Kurubas reared ...

Students studying in Class 9 can get here Notes of Class 9 History Chapter 5. Below you can read the 9th Class History Notes for Pastoralists in the Modern World and check important questions with solutions. Also we have provided one History Class 9 Chapter 5 Pastoralists in the Modern World practice paper at the end for you.