Climate definition geography

The subarctic climate also referred to as the boreal, subalpine, or subpolar climate occurs in large landmasses that beyond the moderating effects of oceans. The climate is found at latitudes of between 50° to 70°N poleward and is characterized by freezing winters, and cool but short summers. Description The subarctic climate experiences some of the most drastic seasonal temperature changes on the planet. During the winter temperature can drop to −40°F and rise to 86°F during the summer. Summer is short and can last for three months. For between 5-7 months the temperature falls beyond the freezing point and moisture in the soil freeze. The warmth of the summer only thaws a few feet of the frozen ice and permafrost prevails in a large areas particularity outside the southern boundary of the climatic zone. Precipitation Subarctic climates experience minuscule precipitation not more than 15 inches annually. Much of the precipitation occurs along the coastline during autumn while other areas experience precipitation during the warmer months. Low precipitation is experienced in more temperate regions with warmer winter and longer summers. However, subarctic climate higher altitudes of temperate regions experience higher precipitation due to the orographic lift. Mount Washington in New Hampshire experiences subarctic climate but receives an annual rainfall of about 101.91 inches. The coast of Khabarovsk Krai also receives precipitation of up to 6.9 inches in July. Labrador in ea...

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Climatology is the study of the atmosphere and weather patterns over time. This field of science focuses on recording and analyzing weather patterns throughout the world and understanding the atmospheric conditions that cause them. It is sometimes confused with meteorology, which is the study of weather and weather forecasting. However, climatology is mainly focused on the natural and artificial forces that influence long-term weather patterns. Scientists who specialize in this field are called climatologists. The first studies of climate can be traced back to ancient Greece, but climate science as it is now known did not emerge until the advent of the industrial age in the nineteenth century. The science of climatology grew as scientists became interested in understanding weather patterns. In recent times, climatologists have increasingly focused their research on the changes in Earth’s climate that have occurred since the industrial age. Earth has been growing warmer and warmer as human industry has expanded and released more carbon into the atmosphere. This effect, called global warming, is a particularly important object of study for climatologists. By studying global warming, climatologists can better understand and predict the long-term impact of human-caused climate change. Climatologists seek to understand three main aspects of climate. The first aspect is the weather patterns that govern normal conditions in different regions throughout the world. Secondly, climat...

Weather Weather is the combination of the current meteorological components, e.g. temperature, wind direction and speed, amount and type of precipitation, sun shine hours, etc. The weather is defining a short time period up to several days. Weather conditions Weather condition is the regional weather during a defined time period from one up to several weeks. Weather condition is describing typical weather phenomena, such as a series of thunderstorm in hot summer, foggy month in autumn or other weather conditions which are typical for a specific region and/or season. Climate The climate is describing the long term (min 30 years) and average weather conditions for a specific region. Examples: maritime climate, cold-dry desert climate, tropical climate. Global climate classification maps highlight the high variety of climates. The climate is composed of different components and factors (see the following learning pages).

Climatology is the scientific study of climate. Climate is defined as weather patterns that have been averaged over a given period of time to obtain a consistent pattern of the expected atmospheric conditions. Weather is the atmospheric condition of a particular place over a short period of time, normally a day. Weather averaging for a long and indefinite period of time makes it possible to predict the climatic pattern of an area. Climatology is regarded as a subdivision of physical geography, atmospheric sciences, and earth sciences in general. Aspects of oceanography and biogeography have also been considered as part of climatology. Climatology focuses on aspects such as atmospheric boundary layer, circulation patterns, heat transfer in the globe, ocean interaction with the atmosphere and land surface, land use and topography. Scientific Nature and Scope of Climatology Climatology has evolved from a simple theoretical bookkeeping activity to the current complex scientific and a practical field. Science is defined as the truths and facts that have been obtained through constant research, systematic methods, evaluation of phenomena, and observation. Climatology is therefore scientific method that involves all the aspects that define science. Other than the above stated aspects, to obtain climatic patterns, several scales and gauges are employed in the climatic research. Climatology is not only concerned with the climate of a place but it also establishes the reason for the...

Global climate weather patterns The world is divided into a number of climatic zones - large areas that experience a similar pattern of temperature and precipitation. These zones form parallel bands at different latitudes. These large-scale ecosystems are called biomes. The Earth's main biomes Patterns of global temperature and rainfall are affected by: • Latitude - higher temperatures are recorded closer to the equator, while lower temperatures are recorded towards polar latitudes. In between, there is a gradual decline in temperature due to reduced insolation - the sun is strongest at the equator and weakest at the poles. • Continentality - during summer, the sea heats up less quickly than the land. During winter, the opposite happens, and the sea retains heat from the sun longer than the land. Places close to the sea have slightly cooler summers, milder winters, and higher rainfall than places inland. • Altitude - temperatures decline as height above sea level increases. The actual rate of temperature loss is around one degree Celsius for every 150 metres of height. This is because the air gets thinner in higher altitudes. High areas also receive more rainfall and snowfall. • Global air circulation - this is the large-scale movement of air that helps redistribute energy across the surface of the Earth. Air is warmed near the equator, rises, and then spreads towards the poles where it cools down. It then flows back towards the equator, and the process repeats itself. The...