Define respiration

Why subscribe? • The ultimate action-packed science and technology magazine bursting with exciting information about the universe • Subscribe today and save an extra 5% with checkout code 'LOVE5' • Engaging articles, amazing illustrations & exclusive interviews • Issues delivered straight to your door or device You may have heard a strange rumor that turtles can breathe through their butts. But is this true? Technically, turtles do not breathe through their derrières. That's because turtles don't really have "butts"; instead, they have a multipurpose opening known as a cloaca, which is used for sexual reproduction and egg laying as well as for expelling waste. However, they do engage in a process called cloacal respiration, which could, in a less technical sense, be interpreted as "butt breathing." During cloacal respiration, turtles pump water through their cloacal openings and into two sac-like organs known as bursae, which act sort of like aquatic lungs, Craig Franklin, a wildlife physiologist at The University of Queensland in Australia who has extensively studied cloacal respiration, told Live Science. Oxygen in the water then diffuses across the papillae, small structures that line the walls of the bursae, and into the turtle's bloodstream. Related: Why do turtles live so long? However, cloacal respiration is very inefficient compared with normal aerobic respiration ,and all turtles also have the capacity to breathe air with their lungs much more easily. As a result,...

\( \newcommand\) • • • • • Cellular respiration is the metabolic process by which an organism obtains energy through the reaction of oxygen with glucose. Key Points • Cellular respiration is the metabolic process by which an organism obtains energy by reacting oxygen with glucose to give water, carbon dioxide, and adenosine triphosphate (energy). • The 3 steps of cellular respiration are glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. • Carbon dioxide is a waste product of cellular respiration that comes from the carbon in glucose and the oxygen used in cellular respiration. • Internal respiration involves gas exchange between the bloodstream and tissues, and cellular respiration. • Gas exchange in tissues is a result of tissue surface area, gas partial pressure gradients, and the blood perfusion of those tissues. Key Terms • Cellular respiration: The cellular process of producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP), water, and carbon dioxide from glucose and oxygen. • Oxidative Phosphorylation: The final step of cellular phosphorylation in which oxygen is used to a create an electron transport chain that produces a large amount of ATP from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). Internal respiration refers to two distinct processes. The first is the exchange of gasses between the bloodstream and the tissues. The second is the process of cellular respiration, from which cells utilize oxygen to perform basic metabolic functions. Gas Exchange with Tissues Gas exchange...

Overview What is the respiratory system? The respiratory system is the network of organs and tissues that help you breathe. It includes your airways, lungs and blood vessels. The muscles that power your lungs are also part of the respiratory system. These parts work together to move oxygen throughout the body and clean out waste gases like carbon dioxide. Function What does the respiratory system do? The respiratory system has many functions. Besides helping you inhale (breathe in) and exhale (breathe out), it: • Allows you to talk and to smell. • Warms air to match your body temperature and moisturizes it to the humidity level your body needs. • Delivers oxygen to the cells in your body. • Removes waste gases, including carbon dioxide, from the body when you exhale. • Protects your airways from harmful substances and irritants. Anatomy What are the parts of the respiratory system? The respiratory system has many different parts that work together to help you breathe. Each group of parts has many separate components. Your airways deliver air to your lungs. Your airways are a complicated system that includes your: • Mouth and nose: Openings that pull air from outside your body into your respiratory system. • Sinuses: Hollow areas between the bones in your head that help regulate the temperature and humidity of the air you inhale. • Pharynx (throat): Tube that delivers air from your mouth and nose to the trachea (windpipe). • Trachea: Passage connecting your throat and lungs...

Respiration is the process in which organisms exchange gases between their body cells and the environment. From plants and animals to prokaryotic bacteria, archaeans, eukaryotic protists, fungi, and animals, all living organisms undergo respiration. During normal human respiration, glucose reacts with oxygen to produce the energy needed for growth, repair and movement. Water and carbon dioxide are bi-products of respiration that need to be excreted. Respiration could be defined as a metabolic biochemical process that takes place in all living cells of an organism where they produce energy by intake of oxygen and liberation of carbon dioxide from the oxidation of various organic substances. The energy produced is in the form of Adenosine-triphosphate or ATP which is also known as the energy molecule. The different types of respiration: Two types of respiration processes have been observed • Aerobic respiration • Anaerobic respiration Aerobic respiration It is a type of cellular respiration that takes place in the presence of oxygen and produces energy. It is observed in both plants and animals and the end product of this type of respiration is water and Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). Have a look at the reaction which takes place during aerobic respiration. Glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) + Oxygen 6(O 2 ) → Carbon-dioxide 6(CO 2 ) + Water 6(H 2 O) + Energy (ATP) As observed, in this type of respiration, Glucose molecules are split in the presence of oxygen and the end or by-products which ...

Term Meaning Respiratory system The body system responsible for gas exchange between the body and the external environment Pharynx (throat) Tube connected the nose/mouth to the esophagus Larynx (voice box) Tube forming a passage between the pharynx and trachea Trachea Tube connecting the larynx to the bronchi of the lungs Bronchi Branches of tissue stemming from the trachea Bronchiole Airway that extends from the bronchus Alveoli Structures of the lung where gas exchange occurs Diaphragm Thoracic muscle that lays beneath the lungs and aids in inhalation/exhalation The process of physiological respiration includes two major parts: external respiration and internal respiration. External respiration, also known as breathing, involves both bringing air into the lungs (inhalation) and releasing air to the atmosphere (exhalation). During internal respiration, oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the cells and blood vessels. Respiration begins at the nose or mouth, where oxygenated air is brought in before moving down the pharynx, larynx, and the trachea. The trachea branches into two bronchi, each leading into a lung. Each bronchus divides into smaller bronchi, and again into even smaller tubes called bronchioles. At the end of the bronchioles are air sacs called alveoli, and this is where gas exchange occurs. We do not breathe in only oxygen or breathe out only carbon dioxide. Often the terms "oxygen" and "air" are used interchangeably. It is true that the air we bre...

Definition Aerobic respiration is the process by which organisms use oxygen to turn fuel, such as fats and sugars, into chemical energy. In contrast, anaerobic respiration does not use oxygen. Respiration is used by all cells to turn fuel into energy that can be used to power cellular processes. The product of respiration is a molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which uses the energy stored in its phosphate bonds to power chemical reactions. It is often referred to as the “currency” of the cell. Aerobic respiration is much more efficient, and produces ATP much more quickly, than anaerobic respiration. This is because oxygen is an excellent electron acceptor for the chemical reactions involved in generating ATP. An overview of the stages of aerobic respiration Aerobic vs Anaerobic Similarities Both aerobic and anaerobic respiration are methods of generating energy. They also both start in the same way, with the process of glycolysis. “Glycolysis” literally means “sugar splitting,” and involves breaking a sugar molecule down into two smaller molecules. In the process of glycolysis, two ATP molecules are consumed and four are produced. This results in a net gain of two ATP molecules produced for every sugar molecule broken down through glycolysis. This is where the similarities between aerobic and anaerobic respiration end. In cells that have oxygen and aerobic respiration can proceed, a sugar molecule is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate. In cells that do ...

Recent Examples on the Web Squids do not have blowholes but do have siphons, which look similar and are involved in the animal's respiration process. — Eleanor Mccrary, USA TODAY, 27 Apr. 2023 The system checks heart rate variability and respiration rate. — IEEE Spectrum, 23 Mar. 2023 Adding in synthetic benzodiazepines can ramp up the risk that someone stops breathing because benzodiazepines — a category of drugs that includes prescription medications like Xanax or Valium used for anxiety — are sedating drugs that increase drowsiness and decrease respiration. — Los Angeles Times, 22 May 2022 Listening to relaxing music not only reduced heart and respiration rates but also oxygen demand of the heart in patients who have had a heart attack. — Grace Leslie, Scientific American, 18 Sep. 2021 While sleeping, most people tend to hover between 12 and 20 breaths per minute and changes in that rate of respiration could signal serious issues. — Chris Velazco, Washington Post, 10 Apr. 2023 The wonderful and amazing fact about the terrestrial carbon cycle is that the amount of atmospheric CO2 captured by the plants and in the soil each year is almost perfectly balanced with the amount of CO2 that is sent back into the atmosphere through respiration, decay, fires, and all of that. — Erik Kobayashi-solomon, Forbes, 14 Mar. 2022 Other researchers will also be able to tweak the design, perhaps to improve the energy-harvesting components and extend the battery life, to study health care w...

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