Dermatophytes

Common label for a group of three types of fungus Dermatophyte (from δέρμα derma "skin" ( δέρματος dermatos) and φυτόν phyton "plant") Dermatophytes cause infections of the skin, hair, and nails, obtaining nutrients from Some of these skin infections are known as Types of infections [ ] Infections by dermatophytes affect the superficial skin, hair, and nails are named using "tinea" followed by the Latin term for the area that is affected. Although symptoms can be barely noticeable in some cases, dermatophytoses can produce "chronic progressive eruptions that last months or years, causing considerable discomfort and disfiguration." Tinea pedis or athlete's foot [ ] Contrary to the name, tinea pedis does not solely affect athletes. The infection can be seen between toes (interdigital pattern) Later stages of tinea pedis might include hyperkeratosis (thickened skin) of the soles, as well as bacterial infection (by streptococcus and staphylococcus) or Another implication of tinea pedis, especially for older adults or those with vascular disease, diabetes mellitus, or nail trauma, is onychomycosis of the toenails. Tinea cruris or jock itch [ ] More commonly occurs in men than women. Tinea cruris may be exacerbated by sweat and tight clothing (hence the term "jock itch"). The rashes appear red, scaly, and pustular, and is often accompanied by itch. Tinea cruris should be differentiated from other similar dermal conditions such as intertriginous candidiasis, erythrasma, and psori...

What is mycology? Mycology is the study of fungi. What are dermatophyte fungi? Dermatophyte fungi are the ringworm fungi (tinea). They depend on their host, which may be an animal ("zoophilic") or a human ("anthropophilic") and need to spread from one host to another to survive. Dermatophytes may also prefer to live in the soil ("geophilic"). Anthropophilic dermatophytes are so well adapted to living on human skin that they provoke a minimal inflammatory reaction. Zoophilic or geophilic dermatophytes will often provoke a more vigorous inflammatory reaction when they attempt to invade human skin. There are nine genera of dermatophytes, recognised by the nature of their macroconidae (asexual spores). The common dermatophytes infecting humans are: • Trichophyton (abbreviated as "T") • Microsporum ("M") • Epidermophyton ("E"). Other genera are Arthroderma, Ctenomyces, Lophophyton, Nannizzia, Guarromyces and Paraphyton. There are about 50 species. Their spores can live for more than a year in human skin scales in the environment. Anthropophilic organisms include: • T. rubrum (most common in New Zealand) • T. interdigitale • T. tonsurans (very common in the USA) • M. audouinii • T. violaceum • M. ferrugineum • T. schoenleinii • T. megninii • T. soudanense • T. yaoundei Zoophilic organisms include: • M. canis (originating from cats and dogs) • T. equinum (originating from horses) • T. erinacei (originating from hedgehogs and other animals) • T. verrucosum (originating from cattle...

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Dermatophytes are fungi that require keratin for growth. These fungi can cause superficial infections of the skin, hair, and nails. Dermatophytes are spread by direct contact from other people (anthropophilic organisms), animals (zoophilic organisms), and soil (geophilic organisms), as well as indirectly from fomites. Dermatophyte infections can be readily diagnosed based on the history, physical examination, and potassium hydroxide (KOH) microscopy. Diagnosis occasionally requires Wood's lamp examination and fungal culture or histologic examination. Topical therapy is used for most dermatophyte infections. Cure rates are higher and treatment courses are shorter with topical fungicidal allylamines than with fungistatic azoles. Oral therapy is preferred for tinea capitis, tinea barbae, and onychomycosis. Orally administered griseofulvin remains the standard treatment for tinea capitis. Topical treatment of onychomycosis with ciclopirox nail lacquer has a low cure rate. For onychomycosis, “pulse” oral therapy with the newer imidazoles (itraconazole or flucona-zole) or allylamines (terbinafine) is considerably less expensive than continuous treatment but has a somewhat lower mycologic cure rate. The diagnosis of onychomycosis should be confirmed by KOH microscopy, culture, or histologic examination before therapy is initiated, because of the expense, duration, and potential adverse effects of treatment. Microsporum, Trichophyton, and Epider-mophyton species are the most commo...

The clinical laboratory has access to a variety of enrichment and selective media for the isolation and identification of pathogenic fungi. The majority of the media mentioned in this article are commercially available in dehydrated or finished form. Recommendations for general media use, enrichment or selective media use, or combinations of the two are outlined in the medical mycology and 1. Antifungal Susceptibility Testing Media The 2. Assimilation Base for Carbohydrates Modified yeast nitrogen base is a synthetic basal medium that contains enough nitrogen to support fungi growth during carbohydrate assimilation testing. Plated fungal isolates are grown confluently, and carbohydrate disks are dispensed onto the surface to provide the specific carbohydrates for assimilation testing. After 48 to 72 hours of incubation at 30°C, the plates are examined for growth around each disk. Good growth around a disk indicates carbohydrate assimilation, whereas scant or no growth around a disk indicates no assimilation. All yeasts use glucose (dextrose) as a growth regulator. The basal media can also be prepared as a broth to which individual carbohydrates are added in separate tubes. The yeast is placed in a series of tubes. The tubes are incubated, and the broth becomes turbid if the yeast can assimilate the carbohydrate. The carbohydrate assimilation pattern is used to identify the yeast. 3. Birdseed Agar Birdseed agar is a selective and differential enrichment medium used to isola...

Enter search terms to find related medical topics, multimedia and more. Advanced Search: • Use “ “ for phrases o [ “pediatric abdominal pain” ] • Use – to remove results with certain terms o [ “abdominal pain” –pediatric ] • Use OR to account for alternate terms o [teenager OR adolescent ] Search A-Z Dermatophytes are molds (a type of fungi) that need the protein keratin for nutrition. Keratin is the structural material that makes up the outer layer of human skin. It is also the main structural material of hair and nails. To survive, dermatophytes must live on skin, hair, or nails (a nail infection is called tinea unguium or Onychomycosis Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nails. (See also Overview of Nail Disorders.) About 10% of people have onychomycosis, which most often affects the toenails rather than the fingernails... read more ). A dermatophyte infection on one area of the body can cause a skin eruption to appear on another area of the body that is not infected (see Dermatophytid Reaction A dermatophytid reaction is the body's reaction to a dermatophyte (fungal) infection and is a skin eruption that appears on an area of the body that is not the area where the infection first... read more ). Dermatophyte infections in humans are caused by Epidermophyton, Microsporum, and Trichophyton. These organisms may inhabit a person permanently and never cause an infection. When they do cause an infection (resulting in ringworm or tinea), it is often because the affect...

Common label for a group of three types of fungus Dermatophyte (from δέρμα derma "skin" ( δέρματος dermatos) and φυτόν phyton "plant") Dermatophytes cause infections of the skin, hair, and nails, obtaining nutrients from Some of these skin infections are known as Types of infections [ ] Infections by dermatophytes affect the superficial skin, hair, and nails are named using "tinea" followed by the Latin term for the area that is affected. Although symptoms can be barely noticeable in some cases, dermatophytoses can produce "chronic progressive eruptions that last months or years, causing considerable discomfort and disfiguration." Tinea pedis or athlete's foot [ ] Contrary to the name, tinea pedis does not solely affect athletes. The infection can be seen between toes (interdigital pattern) Later stages of tinea pedis might include hyperkeratosis (thickened skin) of the soles, as well as bacterial infection (by streptococcus and staphylococcus) or Another implication of tinea pedis, especially for older adults or those with vascular disease, diabetes mellitus, or nail trauma, is onychomycosis of the toenails. Tinea cruris or jock itch [ ] More commonly occurs in men than women. Tinea cruris may be exacerbated by sweat and tight clothing (hence the term "jock itch"). The rashes appear red, scaly, and pustular, and is often accompanied by itch. Tinea cruris should be differentiated from other similar dermal conditions such as intertriginous candidiasis, erythrasma, and psori...

Enter search terms to find related medical topics, multimedia and more. Advanced Search: • Use “ “ for phrases o [ “pediatric abdominal pain” ] • Use – to remove results with certain terms o [ “abdominal pain” –pediatric ] • Use OR to account for alternate terms o [teenager OR adolescent ] Search A-Z Dermatophytes are molds (a type of fungi) that need the protein keratin for nutrition. Keratin is the structural material that makes up the outer layer of human skin. It is also the main structural material of hair and nails. To survive, dermatophytes must live on skin, hair, or nails (a nail infection is called tinea unguium or Onychomycosis Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nails. (See also Overview of Nail Disorders.) About 10% of people have onychomycosis, which most often affects the toenails rather than the fingernails... read more ). A dermatophyte infection on one area of the body can cause a skin eruption to appear on another area of the body that is not infected (see Dermatophytid Reaction A dermatophytid reaction is the body's reaction to a dermatophyte (fungal) infection and is a skin eruption that appears on an area of the body that is not the area where the infection first... read more ). Dermatophyte infections in humans are caused by Epidermophyton, Microsporum, and Trichophyton. These organisms may inhabit a person permanently and never cause an infection. When they do cause an infection (resulting in ringworm or tinea), it is often because the affect...

The clinical laboratory has access to a variety of enrichment and selective media for the isolation and identification of pathogenic fungi. The majority of the media mentioned in this article are commercially available in dehydrated or finished form. Recommendations for general media use, enrichment or selective media use, or combinations of the two are outlined in the medical mycology and 1. Antifungal Susceptibility Testing Media The 2. Assimilation Base for Carbohydrates Modified yeast nitrogen base is a synthetic basal medium that contains enough nitrogen to support fungi growth during carbohydrate assimilation testing. Plated fungal isolates are grown confluently, and carbohydrate disks are dispensed onto the surface to provide the specific carbohydrates for assimilation testing. After 48 to 72 hours of incubation at 30°C, the plates are examined for growth around each disk. Good growth around a disk indicates carbohydrate assimilation, whereas scant or no growth around a disk indicates no assimilation. All yeasts use glucose (dextrose) as a growth regulator. The basal media can also be prepared as a broth to which individual carbohydrates are added in separate tubes. The yeast is placed in a series of tubes. The tubes are incubated, and the broth becomes turbid if the yeast can assimilate the carbohydrate. The carbohydrate assimilation pattern is used to identify the yeast. 3. Birdseed Agar Birdseed agar is a selective and differential enrichment medium used to isola...

Dermatophytes are fungi that require keratin for growth. These fungi can cause superficial infections of the skin, hair, and nails. Dermatophytes are spread by direct contact from other people (anthropophilic organisms), animals (zoophilic organisms), and soil (geophilic organisms), as well as indirectly from fomites. Dermatophyte infections can be readily diagnosed based on the history, physical examination, and potassium hydroxide (KOH) microscopy. Diagnosis occasionally requires Wood's lamp examination and fungal culture or histologic examination. Topical therapy is used for most dermatophyte infections. Cure rates are higher and treatment courses are shorter with topical fungicidal allylamines than with fungistatic azoles. Oral therapy is preferred for tinea capitis, tinea barbae, and onychomycosis. Orally administered griseofulvin remains the standard treatment for tinea capitis. Topical treatment of onychomycosis with ciclopirox nail lacquer has a low cure rate. For onychomycosis, “pulse” oral therapy with the newer imidazoles (itraconazole or flucona-zole) or allylamines (terbinafine) is considerably less expensive than continuous treatment but has a somewhat lower mycologic cure rate. The diagnosis of onychomycosis should be confirmed by KOH microscopy, culture, or histologic examination before therapy is initiated, because of the expense, duration, and potential adverse effects of treatment. Microsporum, Trichophyton, and Epider-mophyton species are the most commo...