Describe the gross anatomy of heart in detail

The cardiovascular system consists of the [ The pumping action of the heart usually maintains a balance between cardiac output and venous return. Cardiac output (CO) is the amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle in one minute. The normal adult blood volume is 5 liters (a little over 1 gallon) and it usually passes through the heart once a minute. Note that cardiac output varies with the demands of the body. [ The cardiac cycle refers to events that occur during one heart beat and is split into ventricular systole (contraction/ejection phase) and diastole (relaxation/filling phase). A normal heart rate is approximately 72 beats/minute, and the cardiac cycle spreads over 0.8 seconds. The heart sounds transmitted are due to closing of heart valves, and abnormal heart sounds, called murmurs, usually represent valve incompetency or abnormalities. [ Blood is transported through the whole body by a continuum of blood vessels. Arteries are blood vessels that transport blood away from the heart, and veins transport the blood back to the heart. Capillaries carry blood to tissue cells and are the exchange sites of nutrients, gases, wastes, etc. [ The heart contains 4 chambers that essentially make up 2 sides of 2 chamber (atrium and ventricle) circuits; the left side chambers supply the systemic circulation, and the right side chambers supply the pulmonary circulation. The chambers of each side are separated by an atrioventricular valve (A-V valve). The left-sided chambers are ...

artpartner-images / Getty Images Components of the Heart Involved in Blood Flow The heart has two upper chambers, called the left and right atriums, and two lower chambers, called the left and right ventricles. With each heartbeat, blood moves from one chamber to the next through a series of heart valves. • The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle. • The pulmonary valve is located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. • The mitral valve is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle. • The aortic valve is located between the left ventricle and the aorta. • The blood first enters the right atrium from the superior and inferior vena cava. • It then flows through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. • The blood then moves through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery. • The pulmonary artery carries blood to the lungs where it takes up oxygen. • Oxygenated blood returns to the heart through the pulmonary vein into the left atrium. • The blood then moved through the mitral valve into the left ventricle. • The left ventricle then pumps the blood through the aortic valve into the aorta. • From the aorta, the blood is transported through the network of blood vessels, delivering oxygen and nutrients to tissues and taking carbon dioxide and wastes from tissues. • Deoxygenated blood returns to the heart via the superior and inferior vena cava, and the cycle begins again. Function and Importance of Hear...

Article: • • • • • • • Images: • Gross anatomy The typical configuration consists of two coronary arteries, a The right coronary artery courses in the right atrioventricular groove to the inferior surface of the heart, whereupon it turns anteriorly at the The left coronary artery has a short common stem (and is hence often referred to as the left main coronary artery), that bifurcates into the Branches • • • • • • • • • • • • • Coronary dominance Most hearts are right dominant (60%) where the PDA is supplied by the RCA. However, up to 20% of hearts may be left dominant, where the PDA is supplied by the LAD or LCx, or codominant, where a single or duplicated PDA is supplied by branches of both the RCA and LAD/LCx (20%). For a more in-depth discussion of coronary dominance, see the article Variant anatomy Although there are variations (see main article: History and etymology Coronary comes from the Latin "coronarius", meaning belonging to a crown or wreath. As these arteries ramify and encircle the heart, they cover its surface with a lacy network, perhaps resembling a slightly crooked crown. Related pathology • • • • • • • • •

The human heart is a finely-tuned instrument that serves the whole body. It is a muscular organ around the size of a closed fist, and it sits in the chest, slightly to the left of center. The heart beats around The heart sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs, where the blood loads up with oxygen and unloads carbon dioxide, a waste product of metabolism. Together, the heart, blood, and blood vessels — arteries, capillaries, and veins — make up the circulatory system. In this article, we explore the structure of the heart, how it pumps blood around the body, and the electrical system that controls it. Below is an interactive 3D model of the heart. Explore the model using your mouse pad or touchscreen to learn more. The heart consists of • The atria: These are the two upper chambers, which receive blood. • The ventricles: These are the two lower chambers, which discharge blood. A wall of tissue called the septum separates the left and right atria and the left and right ventricle. Valves separate the atria from the ventricles. The heart’s walls consist of three layers of tissue: • Myocardium: This is the muscular tissue of the heart. • Endocardium: This tissue lines the inside of the heart and protects the valves and chambers. • Pericardium: This is a thin protective coating that surrounds the other parts. • Epicardium: This protective layer consists mostly of connective tissue and forms the innermost layer of the pericardium. The rate at which the heart contracts depends on m...

Coronary arteries supply blood to the heart muscle. Like all other tissues in the body, the heart muscle needs oxygen-rich blood to function. Also, oxygen-depleted blood must be carried away. The coronary arteries wrap around the outside of the heart. Small branches dive into the heart muscle to bring it blood. What are the different coronary arteries? The 2 main coronary arteries are the left main and right coronary arteries. • Left main coronary artery (LMCA). The left main coronary artery supplies blood to the left side of the heart muscle (the left ventricle and left atrium). The left main coronary divides into branches: • The left anterior descending artery branches off the left coronary artery and supplies blood to the front of the left side of the heart. • The circumflex artery branches off the left coronary artery and encircles the heart muscle. This artery supplies blood to the outer side and back of the heart. • Right coronary artery (RCA). The right coronary artery supplies blood to the right ventricle, the right atrium, and the SA (sinoatrial) and AV (atrioventricular) nodes, which regulate the heart rhythm. The right coronary artery divides into smaller branches, including the right posterior descending artery and the acute marginal artery. Together with the left anterior descending artery, the right coronary artery helps supply blood to the middle or septum of the heart. Smaller branches of the coronary arteries include: obtuse marginal (OM), septal perforato...

Anatomy of the Heart Welcome to the anatomy of the heart made easy! We will use labeled diagrams and pictures to learn the main cardiac structures and related vascular system. In addition to reviewing the human heart anatomy, we will also discuss the function and order in which blood flows through the heart. By the end of this post, you will have a strong understanding of the main cardiac structures including: • Atria • Ventricles • Tricuspid Valve • Mitral Valve • Pulmonary Valve • Aortic Valve • Superior and Inferior Vena Cava • Pulmonary Arteries and Veins • Aorta You will also be provided with numerous memory tricks to help you remember the different structures of the heart! Make sure to check out the blank model of the heart at the end of this post, and quiz yourself on the gross anatomy by labeling and matching the main cardiac structures! By the end of this post, you will be able to label a drawing of the heart similar to the anterior view (frontal section) shown below. Let’s get started! Heart Chambers - Atria and Ventricles As we walk through the main anatomical structures of the heart, here are some other EZmed references you may find useful to help bring it all together! The Cardiac Cycle - Step-By-Step Guide of the Heart Cycle from Diastole to Systole Conduction System of the Heart - Step-By-Step Guide of the Conduction System Now let’s really get started! Chambers of the Heart Let's begin with the chambers of the heart. There are 4 chambers, labeled 1-4 on the...