Describe the structure and functioning of nephrons

• العربية • বাংলা • Български • Bosanski • Català • Čeština • Dansk • Deutsch • ދިވެހިބަސް • Eesti • Español • Esperanto • Euskara • فارسی • Français • Galego • 한국어 • Հայերեն • हिन्दी • Hrvatski • Italiano • עברית • ქართული • Қазақша • Kreyòl ayisyen • Kurdî • Кыргызча • Latina • Latviešu • Lietuvių • Македонски • മലയാളം • Bahasa Melayu • Монгол • Nederlands • 日本語 • Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча • Polski • Português • Qaraqalpaqsha • Română • Русский • සිංහල • Simple English • Slovenčina • Slovenščina • کوردی • Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски • Suomi • Svenska • தமிழ் • Татарча / tatarça • ไทย • Türkçe • Українська • اردو • Tiếng Việt • 吴语 • 粵語 • 中文 [ The nephron is the minute or microscopic structural and functional unit of the :22 Blood is filtered as it passes through three layers: the The interior of Bowman's capsule, called Bowman's space, collects the filtrate from the filtering capillaries of the The four mechanisms used to create and process the filtrate (the result of which is to convert blood to urine) are Some diseases of the nephron predominantly affect either the glomeruli or the tubules. Glomerular diseases include Structure [ ] Main article: The tuft, of filtering Only about a fifth of the plasma is filtered in the glomerulus. The rest passes into an Bowman's capsule [ ] The The filtrate next moves to the renal tubule, where it is further processed to form Renal tubule [ ] The renal tubule is long pipe like structure containing the The components of the renal tubule a...

Synonyms: Cortex renalis The kidneys are paired retroperitoneal organs of the Learning about kidney histology doesn’t have to be as painful as kidney stones! We have composed a simple step-by-step guide to help you master this complicated yet fascinating organ. If you need a little jump start, why not refresh your memory with our Key facts Gross anatomy Cortex (outer layer) and medulla (inner layer), calyces Nephron Main functional unit of the kidney: - Renal corpuscle; glomerulus and glomerular capsule - Renal tubule system; proximal tubule (convoluted and straight), nephron loop, distal tubule (convoluted and straight), collecting ducts Functions Urine production; maintains body fluid and electrolyte balance, blood pressure, acid base balance The kidney parenchyma consists of two layers; an outer cortex and inner medulla. They comprise around one million urine-producing nephrons. Urine is collected into a system of renal calyces, which is a series of distinctive chambers within a kidney. Calyces gradually increase in size, starting with the minor calyces, which open into larger major calyces, which empty into the renal pelvis, the urine passes into the ureter. The portion of the kidney which contains the calyces, renal pelvis, ureter and renal vessels is called the renal sinus. Kidney structure starter pack is waiting for you here: [Kidney histology] Now let’s take a closer look at the parenchyma layers. The renal cortex is the outer layer of the kidney tissue. It is...

Mohammed Haneefa Nizamudeen/iStock/Getty Images Anatomy Each person has two kidneys. The kidneys are located on either side of the spine, with the top of each kidney beginning around the 11th or 12th rib space. The kidneys are sandwiched between the diaphragm and the intestines, closer to the back side of the abdomen. Roughly the size of a closed fist, each kidney measures about 10 to 12 centimeters long, 5 to 7 centimeters wide, and 3 to 5 centimeters thick. Each kidney is connected to the bladder through a ureter. The ureter brings waste products—urine—to the bladder, where it is stored until it leaves the body through the urethra. Together, all of these organs make up the renal system. As the blood passes through the kidneys, the vessels that carry the blood get smaller and smaller until they deliver blood to the nephrons. Each kidney contains about 1.3 million nephrons, which do the filtering work of the kidneys. Within each nephron, there is a microscopic filtration unit consisting of an exterior capsule—Bowman's capsule—and a network of tiny capillaries called glomerulus. As blood moves through the capillary network, or glomerulus, larger components are filtered out by tiny finger-like structures and the remaining blood passes to Bowman's capsule. From there, the filtered blood collects in Bowman's capsule until it is transferred to a system of tubules. While in the tubules, liquid and solutes will diffuse through additional layers of filtration. Some liquids and sol...

Ranaa Aboumosallam Arafat I took pre-masters and diploma in Microbiology, Human Physiology and Endocrinology. I got accepted to start my masters next fall at the University of Manitoba in Biology. I wrote lessons for Michigan virutal and I worked as a biology teacher for one year. Moreover, I wrote scientific explainers and presentations for several educational platforms. • Instructor There are three parts to nephrons: 1- Renal corpuscular consists of the glomerulus and bowman's capsule and has a role in blood filtration. 2- Renal tubules consist of distal and proximal convoluted tube and loop of Henle and have a role in reabsorption of essential nutrients back to the blood. 3- Collecting duct collects urine and passes it to the ureters to be expelled later through the urethra. Kidneys The kidneys are two small organs that do one big job: filter the blood to create urine. Hopefully, you already take a moment to appreciate your kidneys each time you're in the bathroom, but if not, this lesson will help nudge you into giving the kidneys the credit they deserve. Within the kidneys, you have tiny, microscopic structures called nephrons. If the kidneys are urine-making factories, the nephrons are the workers within those factories who actually make the urine. You have approximately one million nephrons per kidney doing the job of filtering the blood and producing urine. We're going to take a close look at the nephron and what occurs within them to make that wonderful urine we e...

• • • I. Chapter 1: Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology • 1.Anatomy and Physiology Big Picture • 2.Vital Functions for Human Life • 3.Body Planes and Directional Terms • II. Chapter 2 Part 1: Levels of Organization - Introduction • 4.Levels of Organization • III. Chapter 2 Part 2: Chemistry • 5.Chemistry Overview • 6.Atoms of Life • 7.Chemical Bonding and Molecules • 8.Water Interactions • 9.Electrolytes and pH • 10.Macromolecules • IV. Chapter 2 Part 3: The Cell • 11.The Cell Overview • 12.Organelles • 13.Membranes • 14.Membrane Transport • 15.Cell Division and Control of Cell Number • V. Chapter 2 Part 4: Higher Order Structures • 16.Tissues • 17.Organs • 18.Organ Systems, The Whole Body, and Populations • VI. Chapter 3: Homeostasis and Feedback Loops • 19.Homeostasis Introduction • 20.Homeostasis Terminology • 21.Feedback Loops • 22.Homeostatic Maintenance • VII. Chapter 4: The Integumentary System • 23.Introduction to the Integumentary System • 24.Integumentary Structures and Functions • 25.Integumentary Levels of Organization • 26.Integumentary Homeostasis • VIII. Chapter 5: Skeletal System • 27.Introduction to the Skeletal System • 28.Skeletal Structures and Functions • 29.Skeletal Levels of Organization • 30.Skeletal Homeostasis • 31.Skeletal Integration of Systems • IX. Chapter 6: Muscular System • 32.Muscular System Introduction • 33.Muscular Structures and Functions • 34.Muscular Levels of Organization • 35.Muscular System Homeostasis • 36.Muscular Integration...

First, the nephron is made up of 2 main structures - the renal corpuscle and the renal tubule. Let's start with the structures of the renal corpuscle. It's made up of the glomerulus, which is a little knot of capillaries, and the renal capsule (aka. Bowman's capsule), which wraps around the glomerulus. This is where the filtration process occurs. The blood entering the glomerulus is at high pressure, and the walls of the glomerulus are more porous than most capillaries, which creates a wonderful environment for filtration. Essentially it is plasma that is pushed out of the bloodstream at the glomerulus and is then captured by Bowman's capsule, which then funnels that fluid into the renal tubule. The fluid that has been filtered out of the blood is now called filtrate. This filtrate contains all the same substances as plasma, including water, electrolytes, nutrients, and waste products. The filtrate should NOT contain red blood cells, white blood cells, or proteins, as they are too big to be filtered out through the openings in the walls of the glomerulus. Each day, our kidneys produce approximately 180 liters of filtrate. We certainly don't produce 180 liters of urine every day, so now we need to talk about what occurs in the next areas of the nephron to tweak that filtrate and make it into urine. The filtrate that is caught by Bowman's capsule is then funneled into the renal tubule, which is made up of 3 main regions: • Proximal convoluted tubule: this part of the tubule ...

Nephrons: The Functional Units of the Kidney. Nephrons take a simple filtrate of the blood and modify it into urine. Nephrons are the “functional units” of the kidney; they cleanse the blood and balance the constituents of the circulation. Each kidney is made up of over one million nephrons that dot the renal cortex, giving it a granular appearance when sectioned sagittally. Many changes take place in the different parts of the nephron before urine is created for disposal. The term forming urine will be used hereafter to describe the filtrate as it is modified into true urine. The principle task of the nephron population is to balance the plasma to homeostatic set points and excrete potential toxins in the urine. They do this by accomplishing three principle functions—filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. They also have additional secondary functions that exert control in three areas: blood pressure (via production of renin), red blood cell production (via the hormone EPO), and calcium absorption (via conversion of calcidiol into calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D). Tubular parts of a Nephron – converts the filtrate into urine • The Bowman’s capsule / Glomerular capsule: The Bowman’s capsule (also called the glomerular capsule), is the beginning of a nephron. It surrounds the glomerulus. It is a double walled cup, It is composed of inner visceral and outer parietal layers. Parietal (outer) layer of glomerular capsule is simple squamous epithelium. Visceral (inner)...