Diagram of heart class 10

• The heart is divided into four chambers and has valves that allow the blood to flow in one direction only. • The upper two chambers with relatively thin walls are called atria. • The two lower chambers with thick muscular walls are called ventricles. • The figure shows the complete circulatory system in the body. • The right atrium receives carbon dioxide-rich blood from the various parts of the body and is then moved into the right ventricle. • The right ventricle pumps the blood to the lungs, where carbon dioxide is removed and oxygen is absorbed. • The left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood as it comes back to the heart from the lungs and is pushed into the left ventricle. • The left ventricle pumps this blood to the rest of the body. • The right side of the heart is completely separated from the left side with the help of a partition called the septum. This prevents the mixing of oxygenated and de-oxygenated blood.

Double circulation is the most efficient way of circulation. Here, in humans, the four-chambered heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries all have a vital role to play. Blood gets pumped out of the heart. This blood goes to different organs and then blood again comes back to the heart. All this happens in a very systematic way through the different arteries and veins carrying oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. The pulmonary circulation or pathway carries the deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs. Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place in the lungs and the blood is now oxygenated (with oxygen). Through the systemic circulation, oxygenated blood travels from the left side of the heart to the other areas of the body. At various organ sites, exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste through lymph occurs. This deoxygenated blood again goes back to the right side of the heart. The pulmonary circuit and the systemic circuit work together. This ensures that deoxygenated blood goes to the lungs through the pulmonary artery while the oxygenated blood from the aorta reaches the different organs and tissues.

Hint: Human heart is a four chambered heart it pumps blood throughout the body, it supplies oxygen to the tissues and removes carbon dioxide from the body. The blood circulation system present in human beings is double circulation that has two paths: pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation. In double circulation blood enters the heart twice in a single cycle. Complete answer: a) Labelled diagram of a sectional view of the human heart. b) Humans have a heart that is four chambered heart and the type of blood circulation that is carried out in this is known as double circulation. In this blood is pumped by the right ventricle that enters into the pulmonary artery, whereas the left ventricle pumps blood into the aorta. The deoxygenated blood is oxygenated in the lungs, the deoxygenated blood is pumped into the pulmonary artery from where it gets transferred to the lungs after getting oxygenated in the lungs pulmonary veins carries the oxygenated blood into left atrium. This pathway is pulmonary circulation. Now, we need to provide oxygenated blood to all the body tissues and organs. The blood that is oxygenated enters the aorta and is further transferred to various tissues by a network of arteries, arterioles and capillaries, from the body tissues deoxygenated blood is collected by veins, venules and vena cava and is transferred to right atrium. This is called systemic circulation and from the right atrium it goes to the lung to get oxygenated by pulmonary artery again...

Human heart: • It is the prime organ of the cardiovascular system. • The heart is a fist-sized organ, which pumps blood all through the body. • In humans it is situated in front of the chest, it is present slightly behind and to the left of the sternum. It is protected by the ribcage. • The heart comprises four prime chambers formed of muscle and is powered by electrical impulses. • The two bottom chambers are known as ventricles, and the two upper chambers are known as atria. • An inter-atrial septum separates the left and right atria. • An inter-ventricular septum separates the left and right ventricles. • A thick fibrous structure known as the atrioventricular septum divides the atrium and ventricle of the same side. • The opening between the right atrium and ventricle is guarded by a tricuspid valve. • The opening between the left atrium and left ventricle is guarded by a bicuspid valve. • The nervous system and the brain mediate the functioning of the heart. • The prime activities of the heart are to monitor the speed and rhythm of the heart rate and to maintain blood pressure.