Difference between prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell

https://bio.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fbio.libretexts.org%2FBookshelves%2FMicrobiology%2FMicrobiology_(Kaiser)%2FUnit_1%253A_Introduction_to_Microbiology_and_Prokaryotic_Cell_Anatomy%2F1%253A_Fundamentals_of_Microbiology%2F1.2%253A_Cellular_Organization_-_Prokaryotic_and_Eukaryotic_Cells \( \newcommand\) • • • • • • • • • Learning Objectives • Briefly describe why, in terms of differences in cell size, a eukaryotic cell is structurally more complex and compartmentalized than a cell that is prokaryotic. • When given a description, determine whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic and explain why. • Briefly state why viruses are not considered as prokaryotic nor eukaryotic. According to the cell theory, the cell is the basic unit of life. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells. Based on the organization of their cellular structures, all living cells can be divided into two groups: prokaryotic and eukaryotic (also spelled procaryotic and eucaryotic). Animals, plants, fungi, protozoans, and algae all possess eukaryotic cell types. Only bacteria have prokaryotic cell types. Figure \(\PageIndex\): Eukaryotic Versus Prokaryotic Cells a. The nuclear body is bounded by a nuclear membrane having pores connecting it with the endoplasmic reticulum b. It contains one or more paired, linear chromosomes composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) associated with histone proteins ). c. A nucleolus is present. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is transcribed...

People Also Read: What is Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells (video) | Khan Academy Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles (such as the nucleus and mitochondria), while prokaryotic cells do not. DNA in eukaryotic cells is found inside the nucleus, while DNA in prokaryotic cells is located in the cytoplam Eukaryotic cells.

3 Cell Structure and Function • Introduction • 3.1 How Cells Are Studied • 3.2 Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells • 3.3 Eukaryotic Cells • 3.4 The Cell Membrane • 3.5 Passive Transport • 3.6 Active Transport • Key Terms • Chapter Summary • Visual Connection Questions • Review Questions • Critical Thinking Questions • 4 How Cells Obtain Energy • Introduction • 4.1 Energy and Metabolism • 4.2 Glycolysis • 4.3 Citric Acid Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation • 4.4 Fermentation • 4.5 Connections to Other Metabolic Pathways • Key Terms • Chapter Summary • Visual Connection Questions • Review Questions • Critical Thinking Questions • 11 Evolution and Its Processes • Introduction • 11.1 Discovering How Populations Change • 11.2 Mechanisms of Evolution • 11.3 Evidence of Evolution • 11.4 Speciation • 11.5 Common Misconceptions about Evolution • Key Terms • Chapter Summary • Visual Connection Questions • Review Questions • Critical Thinking Questions • 15 Diversity of Animals • Introduction • 15.1 Features of the Animal Kingdom • 15.2 Sponges and Cnidarians • 15.3 Flatworms, Nematodes, and Arthropods • 15.4 Mollusks and Annelids • 15.5 Echinoderms and Chordates • 15.6 Vertebrates • Key Terms • Chapter Summary • Visual Connection Questions • Review Questions • Critical Thinking Questions • 16 The Body’s Systems • Introduction • 16.1 Homeostasis and Osmoregulation • 16.2 Digestive System • 16.3 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems • 16.4 Endocrine System • 16.5 Musculoskeletal ...

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We all have heard these terms in our elementary school and almost each of us knows that prokaryotes are pre-existing cells and eukaryotes evolved later. In prokaryotes, the word ‘pro’ means before, and ‘kary’ means the nucleus (in the Greek language). Do you know that prokaryotes were first discovered in the 1940s? And, the first eukaryote appeared almost 1.5 billion years ago. Prokaryotes, on the other hand, have existed for at least 3.5 billion years before and were the first form of life on Earth. Moreover, prokaryotes and eukaryotes have various differences and similarities with respect to their structures. In this article, we will discuss the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 5 Sources and External links Prokaryotic cell As I mentioned earlier, ‘pro‘ means before and ‘ kary‘ means nucleus. Prokaryotic cells are unicellular, small cells that lack membrane-bound organelles. These primitive cells have a nucleoid and typically consists of a single large loop called a circular chromosome but lack a nuclear membrane. As a result, their genetic material freely moves within the cell. The two most common shapes of the prokaryotic cell are cocci and rods. Although, Procaryotes vary in size as much as in shape. Prokaryotic cells usually are bounded by a chemically complex cell wall, which covers the plasma membrane. The plasma membrane in turn surrounds the cytoplasm and its contents. Because most prokaryotic cells do not contain internal, membrane-bound organ...

A cell is the smallest structural unit of the body. Cells form entire tissue and organs and perform different functions of the body. Cells can be divided into two types based on the structure and functions; prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have numerous differences. Advertisement - Continue Reading Below “Pro” means “old” and “karyon” means “nucleus”. In 1977, Carl Woese discovered prokaryotic cells (Archaea and Bacteria). A prokaryotic cell is the primitive kind of cell and has not some features as compared to the eukaryotic cell. History of the prokaryotic cells suggests that the evolution of the prokaryotic cell is at least 3.5 billion years old. But this kind of cell is still in use and has industrial importance. It is used in the fermentation process (Streptococcus, Lactobacillus) and for research work. “Eu” means “new” and “kayron” means “nucleus”. Eukaryotic cell was discovered 2.7 billion years ago. Eukaryotic cells are the advanced kind of cells that are present in most plants and animals and fungi. These cells have a well-defined nucleus and possess different organelles for performing different complex functions. Contents • • • • • Comparison Chart Basis for Comparison Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cell Etymology Pro means old and karyon means the nucleus Eu means new and karyon means the nucleus Size 0.5-3 µm 2-100 µm Type of Cell Single-celled Multi celled Cell Wall Present, composed of peptidoglycan or mucopeptide Usual...