Differentiate between antigen and antibody

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A COVID-19 antibody testing center is seen at Steve's 9th Street Market in Brooklyn on April 25. Here's a quick guide to sorting out the pluses and minuses to each type of test. Michael Nagle/Xinhua News Agency/Getty Images Updated May 9 to reflect Food and Drug Administration clearance of the first antigen test. Testing for the coronavirus has been very much in the news. The first and most urgent focus is on increasing access to tests to diagnose people with current infections. But now other tests are appearing as well. Antibody tests, which can identify people with signs of past infection, are starting to be available. And a third type of test is on the way. Here's a quick guide to sorting out the pluses and minuses to each type of test. Diagnostic or PCR test What it does: Doctors use this test to diagnose people who are currently sick with COVID-19. This is the one we've been hearing so much about. How it works: This test uses a sample of mucus typically taken from a person's nose or throat. The test may also work on saliva — that's under investigation. It looks for the genetic material of the coronavirus. The test uses a technology called PCR (polymerase chain reaction), which greatly amplifies the viral genetic material if it is present. That material is detectable when a person is actively infected. How accurate is it: Generally speaking, these are the most reliable tests. However, a few days may pass before the virus starts replicating in the throat and nose, so th...

Rapid testing is pivotal for containing the spread of COVID-19 and one of the most important actionables in fighting the pandemic our world is struggling with. When infected with a virus such as SARS-CoV-2, the body produces antibodies that bind specifically to the antigens to help eliminate the pathogen. This binding can be harnessed to develop antibody and antigen-based diagnostic tests. What is an antigen test? An antigen test is a diagnostic test. The results are obtained rapidly, within minutes. The tests detect a protein which is on the virus and whether the patient is in a highly infectious stage. What is an antibody test? The antibody test serves to check whether the body of the patient who has had the illness has generated antibodies against it, which we would consider to be immunity against COVID-19. What is the difference between an antigen and an antibody? The main difference between antigen and antibody is that one detects the virus in the body during its most contagious stage and, on the other hand, the antibody test detects if the body has developed a defence against the virus. Another difference between the antigen and antibody tests varies depending on the symptoms of the person and the person’s circumstances. A person who has been exposed to direct infection, who has signs of antibodies, or simply a person who wants to find out if they are infected, should take the antigen test. However, a person who knows that they have had the virus, or has doubts about...