Dna barcoding upsc

Tags: • • • • Why in News The Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Ministry of Science and Technology has taken measures to streamline the biosafety regulation for researchers and industries involved in Recombinant DNA Technology and management of hazardous microorganisms in the wake of Covid-19 pandemic. Key Points • Operationalization of Indian Biosafety Knowledge Portal: • It was launched in May 2019 through which the Department receives all new applications related to research proposals. This has made the whole process transparent and time bound. • It is a web based portal, with a major thrust to reach out to researchers, industry and other stakeholders to provide latest scientific information and regulatory guidance related to authorization of Genetically Modified Organisms/Living Modified Organisms (GMOs/LMOs) and products thereof. • Institutional Biosafety Committee: This committee has been delegated authority to take decisions on applications of import, export and exchange of GMOs and product thereof for R&D purposes under the Environment (Protection) Act 1986. • Facilitation of Research and Development on Covid-19: The DBT has proactively taken several steps to facilitate researchers and industries involved in research on Covid-19. India's Biosafety and Recombinant DNA Guidelines • Biosafety refers to policies and procedures adopted to avoid risk to human health and safety and to the conservation of the environment as a result of the use of GMOs for research and tra...

• The Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB) in Thiruvananthapuram is carrying out DNA fingerprint examination to identify the bodies of fishermen found from the sea after the Ockhi storm. • What exactly is DNA fingerprinting? And does it look like crime scene investigations in TV shows? What is DNA fingerprinting? • It is a technique, for identification of an individual by examining their DNA. • DNA, or Deoxyribonucleic acid, is the basic building block of life. This component in cells contains all the information about an organism and it also helps transfer the characteristics to the next generation. • The DNA of each individual is composed of Bases [Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), and Cytosine (C)], Sugar and a Phosphate. Two bases link to each other using hydrogen bonds to form base pairs. • “Every human has three billion such base pairs. Though 99.7% of the make up is similar between any two people; there is a 0.3% difference which accounts to almost 10 million different base pairs. By examining this we can identify the relation between two people. There is a 50% match between a child and his/her father or mother. Between siblings it can range anywhere between 25% to 75%. Monozygotic twins show a 100% match,” explains Dr. Madhusudan Reddy, staff scientist and in-charge at Lab of DNA Fingerprinting Services, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Hyderabad. Can DNA fingerprinting be done only with blood samples? • Blood, bones, hair with roo...

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Introduction DNA barcoding is a method of identifying species that uses short DNA from one or more specific genes. The premise of DNA barcodes is that by comparing such a range of DNA (also called a “sequence”) with a reference library, a well-known black man uses Strip in a supermarket using one sequence. Like a scanner, you can clearly assign an organism to a species. Use of UPC barcodes to identify items in inventory using a reference database. These “barcodes” are used to identify parts of unknown species or organisms, simply catalog as many taxa as possible, or demarcate species in comparison to traditional classification methods. May be used. Barcodes identify different groups of organisms using different genetic regions. The most commonly used barcode region in animals and some protists is part of the cytochrome c oxidase I gene (COI or COX1) found in mitochondrial DNA. Other genes suitable for DNA barcoding are the internal transcription spacer (ITS) rRNA commonly used in fungi and Rubisco used in plants. Microorganisms are detected using various genetic regions. For example, the 16S rRNA gene is commonly used to identify prokaryotes, while the 18S rRNA gene is primarily used to detect eukaryotes of microorganisms. These gene regions are selected because they have fewer intraspecific (intraspecific) mutations than interspecific (interspecies) mutations known as “barcode gaps.” Some applications of DNA barcoding include: Identify plant leaves even when flowers and f...

• v • t • e DNA barcoding is a method of species identification using a short section of Different gene regions are used to identify the different organismal groups using barcoding. The most commonly used barcode region for animals and some c oxidase I (COI or Some applications of DNA barcoding include: identifying plant leaves even when flowers or fruits are not available; identifying DNA metabarcoding is used, Background [ ] DNA barcoding techniques were developed from early DNA sequencing work on microbial communities using the 5S c oxidase I (COI) gene, first utilized by Folmer et al. in 1994, using their published Methods [ ] Sampling and preservation [ ] Barcoding can be done from tissue from a target specimen, from a mixture of organisms (bulk sample), or from DNA present in environmental samples (e.g. water or soil). The methods for sampling, preservation or analysis differ between those different types of sample. Tissue samples To barcode a tissue sample from the target specimen, a small piece of skin, a scale, a leg or antenna is likely to be sufficient (depending on the size of the specimen). To avoid contamination, it is necessary to sterilize used tools between samples. It is recommended to collect two samples from one specimen, one to archive, and one for the barcoding process. Sample preservation is crucial to overcome the issue of DNA degradation. Bulk samples A bulk sample is a type of environmental sample containing several organisms from the eDNA samples...