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Term Definition Rating European Court of Justice Rate it: The Engine Collectors Journal Rate it: Engineering Change Journal Rate it: Estee Lauder Automatic Commercial E Rate it: Eclipse Compiler for Java Rate it: Electoral Commission of Jamaica Rate it: Elemental Converter Jade Rate it: Emergency Care Journal Rate it: Encounter Christian Juniors Rate it: Environmental and Climate Justice Rate it: Eric Clapton Judge Rate it: Ernest Cockrell Jr Rate it: European Cleaning Journal Rate it: European Coatings Journal Rate it: Emerald Coast Jeepers Rate it: ecj The European Court of Justice (ECJ), formally just the Court of Justice, (French: Cour de Justice), is the supreme court of the European Union in matters of European Union law. As a part of the Court of Justice of the European Union, it is tasked with interpreting EU law and ensuring its uniform application across all EU member states under Article 263 of the Treaty of the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU).The Court was established in 1952, and is based in Luxembourg. It is composed of one judge per member state – currently 27 – although it normally hears cases in panels of three, five or fifteen judges. The Court has been led by president Koen Lenaerts since 2015.The ECJ is the highest court of the European Union in matters of Union law, but not national law. It is not possible to appeal against the decisions of national courts in the ECJ, but rather national courts refer questions of EU law to the ECJ. However, it...

11 December 2018/ By 13 By Oliver Garner This piece is cross-posted by kind permission of the Introduction On 10 December 2018, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) delivered its Wightman case on the revocation of a notification of an intention to withdraw from the EU under Wightman decision has filled a lacuna in EU law; it remains to be seen whether this legal clarity will help to assuage the political chaos currently engulfing the United Kingdom. Summary of the Judgment The judgment first provides the legal context to the dispute. This starts with an overview of the provisions of the From paragraphs 9 to 17 the judgment details the dispute in the main proceedings and the questions referred. This commences with consideration of the admissibility of the referral (paras 20-36). The ECJ endorses the line of case law ( American Express )regarding the presumption of relevance that questions relating to EU law referred by national courts enjoy. It confirms the Inner Court of Session’s judgment that there is a dispute between the parties, despite the UK government refusing to address the substance of the issue (para 32). Furthermore, the judgment declares that there is no doubt as to the relevance of the question referred since it concerns the interpretation of a provision of EU law (para 33). The ECJ rejects the argument that the question referred bears no relation to the actual facts or that it concerns a hypothetical problem (para 34). It furthermore rejects the submission of...

The The CJEU consists of three distinct judicial entities, the highest of which is the Bear in mind that EU courts have limited jurisdiction. Most cases that apply EU law are adjudicated by the national courts of the Member States. When novel questions of interpretation arise with respect to EU law, EU courts may be asked to intervene in cases where they otherwise lack jurisdiction. The Composition The ECJ consists of 28 judges, one from each of the Member States. Judges are appointed by the common consent of the governments of the Member States and serve for a term of six years, which may be renewed. The ECJ can sit as a full court, as a Grand Chamber of 13 judges, or in smaller chambers of three to five judges. In most instances, the ECJ sits in smaller chambers. Larger chambers are reserved for special types of cases, such as when a Member State is a party to the litigation. Advocates-General The judges of the ECJ are assisted by eight Advocates-General who prepare advisory opinions with respect to cases that raise novel points of law. The opinions of the Advocates-General are not binding on the ECJ, but they are often influential. Jurisdiction The ECJ hears the following types of cases: • References for Preliminary Rulings made by national courts seeking clarification on points of EU law. • Actions for Failure to Fulfill an Obligation taken by the Commission or a Member State against another Member State for failing to live up to its obligations under EU law. For examp...

ECJ ECJ 27 A Java-based Evolutionary Computation Research System By Sean Luke, Eric O. Scott, Liviu Panait, Gabriel Balan, Sean Paus, Zbigniew Skolicki, Rafal Kicinger, Elena Popovici, Keith Sullivan, Joseph Harrison, Jeff Bassett, Robert Hubley, Ankur Desai, Alexander Chircop, Jack Compton, William Haddon, Stephen Donnelly, Beenish Jamil, Joseph Zelibor, Eric Kangas, Faisal Abidi, Houston Mooers, James O'Beirne, L. Manzoni, Khaled Ahsan Talukder, Sam McKay, James McDermott, Jason Zou, Anson Rutherford, David Freelan, Ermo Wei, Sunil Rajendran, Ananya Dhawan, Ben Brumbac, Javier Hilty, and Anowarul Kabir. ECJ is a research EC system written in Java. It was designed to be highly flexible, with nearly all classes (and all of their settings) dynamically determined at runtime by a user-provided parameter file. All structures in the system are arranged to be easily modifiable. Even so, the system was designed with an eye toward efficiency. ECJ is developed at George Mason University's Evolutionary Computation Journal. ECJ's sister project is New Paper! ECJ's latest updates and directions (starting with Version 27) were presented at GECCO 2019 in the paper NSF Grant! The ECJ team has received a Features General Features • GUI with charting • Platform-independent checkpointing and logging • Hierarchical parameter files • Multithreading • Mersenne Twister Random Number Generators • Abstractions for implementing a variety of EC forms. • A really, really big manual • Optional builds...

• العربية • Արեւմտահայերէն • Azərbaycanca • Беларуская • Български • Català • Dansk • Deutsch • Eesti • فارسی • Français • Gaeilge • Galego • Hrvatski • Ido • Bahasa Indonesia • עברית • ქართული • Latina • Limburgs • Nederlands • Norsk bokmål • Polski • Português • Română • Русский • Shqip • Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски • Suomi • Українська • Tiếng Việt • 中文 • Decentralised agencies of the EU • Single market agencies • CFSP agencies • AFSC agencies • ESFS • SRM bodies • Executive agencies of the EU • Euratom agencies • Decentralised independent bodies of the EU • • • Corporate bodies of the EU • • Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations • Joint undertakings • of the EU • of the Euratom • v • t • e The European Court of Justice ( ECJ), formally just the Court of Justice ( Cour de Justice), is the The Court was established in 1952, and is based in The ECJ is the highest court of the European Union in matters of The court also acts as an administrative and constitutional court between the other EU institutions and the Member States and can annul or invalidate unlawful acts of EU institutions, bodies, offices and agencies. History [ ] Further information: Judges [ ] The Court of Justice consists of 27 Judges who are assisted by 11 President [ ] The President of the Court of Justice is elected from and by the judges for a renewable term of three years. The president presides over hearings and deliberations, directing both judicial business ...

The The CJEU consists of three distinct judicial entities, the highest of which is the Bear in mind that EU courts have limited jurisdiction. Most cases that apply EU law are adjudicated by the national courts of the Member States. When novel questions of interpretation arise with respect to EU law, EU courts may be asked to intervene in cases where they otherwise lack jurisdiction. The Composition The ECJ consists of 28 judges, one from each of the Member States. Judges are appointed by the common consent of the governments of the Member States and serve for a term of six years, which may be renewed. The ECJ can sit as a full court, as a Grand Chamber of 13 judges, or in smaller chambers of three to five judges. In most instances, the ECJ sits in smaller chambers. Larger chambers are reserved for special types of cases, such as when a Member State is a party to the litigation. Advocates-General The judges of the ECJ are assisted by eight Advocates-General who prepare advisory opinions with respect to cases that raise novel points of law. The opinions of the Advocates-General are not binding on the ECJ, but they are often influential. Jurisdiction The ECJ hears the following types of cases: • References for Preliminary Rulings made by national courts seeking clarification on points of EU law. • Actions for Failure to Fulfill an Obligation taken by the Commission or a Member State against another Member State for failing to live up to its obligations under EU law. For examp...

• العربية • Արեւմտահայերէն • Azərbaycanca • Беларуская • Български • Català • Dansk • Deutsch • Eesti • فارسی • Français • Gaeilge • Galego • Hrvatski • Ido • Bahasa Indonesia • עברית • ქართული • Latina • Limburgs • Nederlands • Norsk bokmål • Polski • Português • Română • Русский • Shqip • Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски • Suomi • Українська • Tiếng Việt • 中文 • Decentralised agencies of the EU • Single market agencies • CFSP agencies • AFSC agencies • ESFS • SRM bodies • Executive agencies of the EU • Euratom agencies • Decentralised independent bodies of the EU • • • Corporate bodies of the EU • • Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations • Joint undertakings • of the EU • of the Euratom • v • t • e The European Court of Justice ( ECJ), formally just the Court of Justice ( Cour de Justice), is the The Court was established in 1952, and is based in The ECJ is the highest court of the European Union in matters of The court also acts as an administrative and constitutional court between the other EU institutions and the Member States and can annul or invalidate unlawful acts of EU institutions, bodies, offices and agencies. History [ ] Further information: Judges [ ] The Court of Justice consists of 27 Judges who are assisted by 11 President [ ] The President of the Court of Justice is elected from and by the judges for a renewable term of three years. The president presides over hearings and deliberations, directing both judicial business ...

11 December 2018/ By 13 By Oliver Garner This piece is cross-posted by kind permission of the Introduction On 10 December 2018, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) delivered its Wightman case on the revocation of a notification of an intention to withdraw from the EU under Wightman decision has filled a lacuna in EU law; it remains to be seen whether this legal clarity will help to assuage the political chaos currently engulfing the United Kingdom. Summary of the Judgment The judgment first provides the legal context to the dispute. This starts with an overview of the provisions of the From paragraphs 9 to 17 the judgment details the dispute in the main proceedings and the questions referred. This commences with consideration of the admissibility of the referral (paras 20-36). The ECJ endorses the line of case law ( American Express )regarding the presumption of relevance that questions relating to EU law referred by national courts enjoy. It confirms the Inner Court of Session’s judgment that there is a dispute between the parties, despite the UK government refusing to address the substance of the issue (para 32). Furthermore, the judgment declares that there is no doubt as to the relevance of the question referred since it concerns the interpretation of a provision of EU law (para 33). The ECJ rejects the argument that the question referred bears no relation to the actual facts or that it concerns a hypothetical problem (para 34). It furthermore rejects the submission of...

Term Definition Rating European Court of Justice Rate it: The Engine Collectors Journal Rate it: Engineering Change Journal Rate it: Estee Lauder Automatic Commercial E Rate it: Eclipse Compiler for Java Rate it: Electoral Commission of Jamaica Rate it: Elemental Converter Jade Rate it: Emergency Care Journal Rate it: Encounter Christian Juniors Rate it: Environmental and Climate Justice Rate it: Eric Clapton Judge Rate it: Ernest Cockrell Jr Rate it: European Cleaning Journal Rate it: European Coatings Journal Rate it: Emerald Coast Jeepers Rate it: ecj The European Court of Justice (ECJ), formally just the Court of Justice, (French: Cour de Justice), is the supreme court of the European Union in matters of European Union law. As a part of the Court of Justice of the European Union, it is tasked with interpreting EU law and ensuring its uniform application across all EU member states under Article 263 of the Treaty of the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU).The Court was established in 1952, and is based in Luxembourg. It is composed of one judge per member state – currently 27 – although it normally hears cases in panels of three, five or fifteen judges. The Court has been led by president Koen Lenaerts since 2015.The ECJ is the highest court of the European Union in matters of Union law, but not national law. It is not possible to appeal against the decisions of national courts in the ECJ, but rather national courts refer questions of EU law to the ECJ. However, it...

ECJ ECJ 27 A Java-based Evolutionary Computation Research System By Sean Luke, Eric O. Scott, Liviu Panait, Gabriel Balan, Sean Paus, Zbigniew Skolicki, Rafal Kicinger, Elena Popovici, Keith Sullivan, Joseph Harrison, Jeff Bassett, Robert Hubley, Ankur Desai, Alexander Chircop, Jack Compton, William Haddon, Stephen Donnelly, Beenish Jamil, Joseph Zelibor, Eric Kangas, Faisal Abidi, Houston Mooers, James O'Beirne, L. Manzoni, Khaled Ahsan Talukder, Sam McKay, James McDermott, Jason Zou, Anson Rutherford, David Freelan, Ermo Wei, Sunil Rajendran, Ananya Dhawan, Ben Brumbac, Javier Hilty, and Anowarul Kabir. ECJ is a research EC system written in Java. It was designed to be highly flexible, with nearly all classes (and all of their settings) dynamically determined at runtime by a user-provided parameter file. All structures in the system are arranged to be easily modifiable. Even so, the system was designed with an eye toward efficiency. ECJ is developed at George Mason University's Evolutionary Computation Journal. ECJ's sister project is New Paper! ECJ's latest updates and directions (starting with Version 27) were presented at GECCO 2019 in the paper NSF Grant! The ECJ team has received a Features General Features • GUI with charting • Platform-independent checkpointing and logging • Hierarchical parameter files • Multithreading • Mersenne Twister Random Number Generators • Abstractions for implementing a variety of EC forms. • A really, really big manual • Optional builds...