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That nickname stuck around for hundreds of years, but La Niña wasn’t really named until the 1980s, according to NOAA. That’s when scientists discovered the pattern of cooler-than-average ocean temperatures that come with La Niña. La Niña essentially gets its name from being the opposite of El Niño. It has also been called “El Viejo, anti-El Niño, or simply a ‘cold event,'” NOAA says. The occurrence of El Niño and La Niña are defined by water temperatures and winds in the Pacific, but they have an impact on the types of weather we see here on land.

Early morning hikers rest before walking down Piestewa Peak, a city park in Phoenix, Ariz. (Ryan Kellman/NPR) El Niño is officially here, and that means things are about to get even hotter. The natural climate phenomenon is marked by warmer ocean temperatures in the equatorial Pacific, which drives hotter weather around the world. “[El Niño] could lead to new records for temperatures,” says Michelle L’Heureux, a climate scientist at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Climate Prediction Center. The hottest years on record But temperature superlatives obscure the bigger trend: the El Niño also exacerbates other effects of climate change. In the Northern United States and Canada, El Niño generally brings drier, warmer weather. That’s bad news for Canada, which already had an abnormally hot Spring, and is grappling with widespread wildfires from Alberta all the way to the Maritimes in the East. In the Southern U.S., where climate change is making dangerously heavy rain storms more common, El Niño adds even more juice. That’s bad news for communities where flash floods have destroyed homes and even killed people in recent years, and where drain pipes and stormwater infrastructure is not built to handle the enormous amounts of rain that now regularly fall in short periods of time. The one silver lining for U.S. residents? El Niño is not good for Atlantic hurricanes. Generally, there are fewer storms during El Niño years, because wind conditions are bad for hur...

“It only takes one -- that’s a mantra you’ve heard us use before, and we’re going to continue to use it, because it does only take one landfalling hurricane in the wrong location for it to be a major impact. Katrina, for example, was in an El Nino year. So El Nino does not make us immune from hurricanes. In the long run, it just means a lower number of tropical storms and hurricanes.” “There is a lot of variabilities that come into play that will affect if we have an increase severe weather or not,” De Block said. “And each El Nino is different. Generally speaking, El Nino will bring more storm systems traversing through the area. That may end up meaning a dull, wet winter, or it might mean an increase in severe weather.

El Niño is a part of a routine climate pattern that occurs when sea surface temperatures in the tropical Pacific Ocean rise to above-normal levels for an extended period of time. The opposite of El Niño, ña, is when sea surface temperatures in the central Pacific drop to lower-than-normal levels. These warm and cool phases are part of a recurring climate pattern that occurs across this section of the Pacific, known as the What is La Niña? “[El Niño] creates stronger vertical wind shear across the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean and the tropical Atlantic,” AccuWeather Senior Meteorologist Dan Kottlowski said. Wind shear, or the change of wind speed and direction with altitude, can inhibit tropical development. When wind shear is not present a tropical cyclone's center will be vertically aligned, which keeps it intact and allows it to strengthen. However, when upper-level winds come over the top of a system, they can tilt the system in one direction and make it harder for the system to intensify further. This is similar to a spinning top that, when completely upright, can spin continuously without problem. However, when it becomes angled or tilted, it can unravel and come to a halt, Kottlowski explained. The most notable impacts from El Niño in the United States occur during the winter. “Typically, El Niño tends to peak during the winter months,” Kottlowski said. “Oftentimes [this occurs] in November and December, but it can peak a little bit later than that.” During a typical...

The El Niño/La Niña Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has a major influence on climate patterns in various parts of the world. This naturally occurring phenomenon involves fluctuating ocean temperatures in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific, coupled with changes in the atmosphere. Scientific progress on the understanding and modelling of this phenomenon has improved prediction skills to within a range of one to nine months in advance, giving society the opportunity to prepare for associated hazards such as heavy rains, floods and drought. April 2023 The recent multi-year (so-called “triple dip”) La Niña event is over and the tropical Pacific is currently in an ENSO-neutral state. WMO Global Producing Centres of Long-Range Forecasts predict that there is a 40% chance for ENSO-neutral conditions to continue during May-July 2023, and there is a 60% chance for a transition from ENSO-neutral to El Niño during May-July. El Niño conditions are likely to persist thereafter, with current forecasts and expert assessment indicating the chances gradually increasing to about 60-70% in June-August, 70-80% in July-through October 2023, while the chances of ENSO-neutral are around 30-40% and 20-30%, respectively. The current forecasts rule out La Niña development over the next six months. This month’s update therefore indicates a significantly heightened probability of a transition to El Niño conditions this year, while noting that the Northern Hemisphere ‘spring predictability barrier’...

(NEXSTAR) – You may have heard Anyone who’s taken even a week of Spanish class knows the terms literally translate into “the boy” and “the girl.” But it’s not immediately obvious what that has to do with climate patterns. The phenomenon’s original name, El Niño de Navidad, gives us a few more answers. It was coined by South American fisherman in the 1600s who noticed the unusually warm waters in the Pacific that define an El Niño season, the