Explain lake ecosystem

4 Cell Structure • Introduction • 4.1 Studying Cells • 4.2 Prokaryotic Cells • 4.3 Eukaryotic Cells • 4.4 The Endomembrane System and Proteins • 4.5 The Cytoskeleton • 4.6 Connections between Cells and Cellular Activities • Key Terms • Chapter Summary • Visual Connection Questions • Review Questions • Critical Thinking Questions • 6 Metabolism • Introduction • 6.1 Energy and Metabolism • 6.2 Potential, Kinetic, Free, and Activation Energy • 6.3 The Laws of Thermodynamics • 6.4 ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate • 6.5 Enzymes • Key Terms • Chapter Summary • Visual Connection Questions • Review Questions • Critical Thinking Questions • 7 Cellular Respiration • Introduction • 7.1 Energy in Living Systems • 7.2 Glycolysis • 7.3 Oxidation of Pyruvate and the Citric Acid Cycle • 7.4 Oxidative Phosphorylation • 7.5 Metabolism without Oxygen • 7.6 Connections of Carbohydrate, Protein, and Lipid Metabolic Pathways • 7.7 Regulation of Cellular Respiration • Key Terms • Chapter Summary • Visual Connection Questions • Review Questions • Critical Thinking Questions • 14 DNA Structure and Function • Introduction • 14.1 Historical Basis of Modern Understanding • 14.2 DNA Structure and Sequencing • 14.3 Basics of DNA Replication • 14.4 DNA Replication in Prokaryotes • 14.5 DNA Replication in Eukaryotes • 14.6 DNA Repair • Key Terms • Chapter Summary • Visual Connection Questions • Review Questions • Critical Thinking Questions • 15 Genes and Proteins • Introduction • 15.1 The Genetic Code • 15.2...

I. The II. The III. The The scales are used to associate each section of the stratification to their corresponding depths and temperatures. The arrow is used to show the movement of wind over the surface of the water which initiates the turnover in the epilimnion and the hypolimnion. Lake zones Lake types See also • • Definition [ ] The thermal stratification of lakes refers to a change in the temperature at different depths in the lake, and is due to the density of water varying with temperature. In shallow lakes, stratification into epilimnion, metalimnion, and hypolimnion often does not occur, as wind or cooling causes regular mixing throughout the year. These lakes are called The lake mixing regime (e.g. polymictic, dimictic, meromictic) The accumulation of dissolved De-stratification [ ] In temperate latitudes, many lakes that become stratified during the summer months de-stratify during cooler windier weather with surface mixing by wind being a significant driver in this process. This is often referred to as "autumn turn-over". The mixing of the hypolimnium into the mixed water body of the lake recirculates nutrients, particularly phosphorus compounds, trapped in the hypolimnion during the warm weather. It also poses a risk of oxygen sag as a long established hypolimnion can be anoxic or very low in Lake mixing regimes can shift in response to increasing air temperatures. Some dimictic lakes can turn into monomictic lakes, while some monomictic lakes might become mer...

A new study says climate change’s hotter temperatures and society’s diversion of water have been shrinking the world’s lakes by trillions of gallons of water a year since the early 1990s lake, any relatively large body of slowly moving or standing water that occupies an inland see below. This article treats lake basins and sedimentation; the physical and chemical properties of lake waters; lake currents, waves, and tides; and the hydrologic balance of lakes. For information on related systems, see See General considerations Occurrence Within the global Four-fifths of the 125,000 cubic km (30,000 cubic miles) of lake waters occur in a small number of lakes, perhaps 40 in all. Among the largest are

davebloggs007/CC-BY 2.0 Abiotic factors in a lake ecosystem include non-living components such as light, temperature, pH of the water and oxygen content. Biotic factors include living components of a lake such as bacteria, phytoplanktons, aquatic plants, zooplankton, crustaceans, molluscs, insects, fish and other vertebrates. Abiotic factors are the conditions or objects that affect the ecosystem and living organisms of the lake. One of the most important abiotic factors is the sun, which provides light and heat. The light helps sustain photosynthesis in phytoplanktons and aquatic plants. Temperature of the water is another important abiotic factor since several organisms in lake ecosystems are unable to regulate their body temperatures internally; therefore, they depend on the temperature of their surroundings. The temperature of the water is higher closer to the surface of the lake, while the lower zone of the lake remains cooler. In winter, a layer of ice could form over the lake and change the temperature and light availability. Wind affects the surface water of the lake and the buoyant organisms that live on it. The chemistry of the lake, such as the pH and the concentration of dissolved oxygen, also determine the type of ecosystem present. Biotic factors include the living organisms that impact the ecosystem of the lake. Bacteria help in decomposing waste material and are present in the gut of several organisms. Lakes also have producers such as phytoplankton (for ex...

The three primary zones of a lake A lake ecosystem or lacustrine ecosystem includes lentic ecosystems ( lentic refers to stationary or relatively still lentus, which means "sluggish"), which include Lentic systems are diverse, ranging from a small, temporary rainwater pool a few inches deep to Two important subclasses of lakes are Zones [ ] • v • t • e Lake ecosystems can be divided into zones. One common system divides lakes into three zones. The first, the Abiotic components [ ] Light [ ] Light provides the solar energy required to drive the process of Temperature [ ] Temperature is an important abiotic factor in lentic ecosystems because most of the biota are Temperature regimes are very different in large lakes. In temperate regions, for example, as air temperatures increase, the icy layer formed on the surface of the lake breaks up, leaving the water at approximately 4°C. This is the temperature at which water has the highest density. As the season progresses, the warmer air temperatures heat the surface waters, making them less dense. The deeper waters remain cool and dense due to reduced light penetration. As the summer begins, two distinct layers become established, with such a large temperature difference between them that they remain stratified. The lowest zone in the lake is the coldest and is called the Algae, including both emergent = rooted in the substrate, but with leaves and flowers extending into the air; ⑵ floating-leaved = rooted in the substrate, but w...

Ichiro Aoki, in Entropy Principle for the Development of Complex Biotic Systems, 2012 7.2.2Increasing Entropy Production Principle As shown in Table 7.1, the entropy productions in eutrophic Lake Mendota are larger than those in oligotrophic Lake Biwa in any of the categories considered (light absorption, respiration, and total). Therefore, it may be possible to propose that entropy production in a eutrophic lake will generally be larger than that in an oligotrophic lake. Eutrophication in a lake is a directional process: as stated in Chapter 6 , the process tends to proceed with time from oligotrophy to eutrophy in most present lake ecosystems that are surrounded especially by the environment full of organic matter (anthropogenic restoration is not considered here). Hence, the entropy production in lakes will increase with time, accompanying the process of eutrophication; this may be called the Entropy Law for Eutrophication and has already been proposed by Aoki (1989a, 1990a). It should be noted that this principle of the increase of entropy production with time i.e. Maximum Entropy Production Principle (MEP) was pointed out by Aoki (1989a, 1990a) for the first time for real natural processes occurring in nature. However, “the increasing entropy production principle” is opposite to the Prigogine Minimum Entropy Production Principle ( Nicolis & Prigogine, 1977), which states that entropy production decreases with time and reaches a minimum ( Chapter 1). Prigogine’s princi...

As a reminder, a community consists of all the populations of all the species that live together in a particular area. The concepts of ecosystem and community are closely related—the difference is that an ecosystem includes the physical environment, while a community does not. In other words, a community is the biotic, or living, component of an ecosystem. In addition to this biotic component, the ecosystem also includes an abiotic component—the physical environment. Some ecosystems are marine, others freshwater, and others yet terrestrial—land based. Ocean ecosystems are most common on Earth, as oceans and the living organisms they contain cover 75% of the Earth's surface. Freshwater ecosystems are the rarest, covering only 1.8% of the Earth's surface. Terrestrial, land, ecosystems cover the remainder of Earth. Terrestrial ecosystems can be further grouped into broad categories called biomes, based largely on climate. Examples of terrestrial biomes include tropical rain forests, savannas, deserts, coniferous forests, deciduous forests, and tundra. The map below shows the broad distribution of biomes on Earth. Even within a biome, there can be great diversity. For example, both the Sonoran desert, on the left, and the interior of the island of Boa Vista, on the right, can be classified as deserts, but they have very different ecological communities. Many more species of plants and animals live in the Sonoran desert. We’ll take a closer look at the movement of energy and ma...