Explain the significance of civil disobedience movement

Women participated in large numbers in the Civil Disobedience Movement. (i) During the Salt March thousands of women came out of their homes to participate in protest marches, boycott of foreign clothes and liquor shops and the manufacture of salt. (ii) Many women even went to jail. (iii) In urban areas women came from high caste families. (iv) In rural areas women who participated belonged to rich peasant households. (v) Women were moved by Gandhi’s call to see the service to the nation as a sacred duty of women. So they responded by giving their whole hearted participation. (vi) Though for a long-time Congress was reluctant to allow women to hold any position of authority within the party. Large scale participation of women was an important feature of the Civil Disobedience Movement. During the Salt March, thousands of women came out of their homes to listen to the speeches of Gandhi. women participated in protest marches, manufactured salt, and picketed foreign cloth and liquor shops. Many went to jail. While women of high caste families participated from urban areas, in rural areas they came from rich peasant households. But this did not bring about any radical changes in the position of women. For a long time the Congress was reluctant to allow women to hold any position of authority within the organisation.

Explain the factors leading up to civil disobedience movement The circumstances that led to the Civil Disobedience Movement were the following: i) Simon Commission: It was an all-British Commission appointed in November 1927 to investigate the need for further constitutional reform. The absence of Indians was seen as an insult to the self-respect of Indians and they decided to boycott the Commission. ii) Demand for Poorna Swaraj: The British government did not accept the Nehru Report and the Congress passed the Poorna Swaraj resolution at its Lahore session in 1929. Discuss about Simon Commission In November 1927, the British government appointed the Indian Statutory Commission, popularly known as the Simon Commission to investigate the need for further constitutional reforms. The Commission was composed of seven British members of Parliament. It had no Indian member. This was seen as a violation of the principle of self-determination and a deliberate insult to the self-respect of the Indians. Hence, Indians boycotted the Commission. Recommendations of the Simon Commission Main recommendations of the Simon Commission were: i) Dyarchy should be abolished. ii) Provincial Legislative Councils should be enlarged. iii) Federal government at the Centre should embrace not only British India but also the Princely States. iv) The Governor-General should select and appoint members of his Cabinet. v) The Communal representation was to continue. Declaration of Poorna Swaraj Jawaharlal...

• Gandhiji organized Civil Disobedience Movement against Salt Law. • Salt law gave the state a monopoly in the manufacture and sale of salt. • The state monopoly on salt was deeply unpopular as in every Indian household salt was indispensable and the people were forbidden from making salt even for domestic use. • Gandhiji hoped to mobilize a wider discontent against British rule and started Dandi March. • At Dandi, he broke the salt law. • Parallel Salt Marches were organized in other parts of the country. • Peasants breached the colonial forest laws which restricted their access to forests. • Factory owners went on strike. • Lawyers boycotted British courts. • Students refused to attend educational Institutions and schools run by the government. • Indians were arrested. • Gandhiji made a plea to the upper caste to serve the untouchables. • Hindus, Muslims, Parsees, and Sikhs were told to unite. • Thousands of Volunteers joined the cause. • Many officials resigned from their posts. • Gandhiji’s meetings were attended by all sections of people. • Women participated in large numbers. • Dandi March brought Gandhi to world attention. The March was covered by the European and American press. • Salt march made the British realize that they would have to devolve some powers to the Indians.

The Civil Rights Movement did not suddenly appear out of nowhere in the twentieth century. Efforts to improve the quality of life for African Americans are as old as the United States. By the time of the American Revolution in the late eighteenth century, abolitionists were already working to eliminate racial injustice and bring an end to the institution of slavery. 1 ^1 1 start superscript, 1, end superscript During the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln issued the After the Civil War, during the period known as Reconstruction, the passage of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments established a legal foundation for the political equality of African Americans. Despite the abolition of slavery and legal gains for African Americans, racial segregation known as 2 ^2 2 squared Jim Crow segregation meant that Southern blacks would continue to live in conditions of poverty and inequality, with white supremacists denying them their hard-won political rights and freedoms. 3 ^3 3 cubed The twentieth-century Civil Rights Movement emerged as a response to the unfulfilled promises of emancipation, partly as a result of the experiences of black soldiers in the Second World War. African Americans fought in a segregated military while being exposed to US propaganda emphasizing liberty, justice, and equality. After fighting in the name of democracy in other countries around the world, many 4 ^4 4 start superscript, 4, end superscript One of the earliest approaches was centered in the c...

Two features A and B are marked in the political outline map of India. Identify these features with the help of the following information and write their correct names on the lines marked in the map : A. The place where the Indian National Congress Session was held in 1927. B. The place which is associated with the movement of Indigo Planters. On the same political outline map of India, locate and label the following with appropriate symbols : (i) Narora - a nuclear power plant (ii) Rourkela - an iron and steel plant (iii) Kandla - a major sea port. Gandhiji’s ideas of satyagraha were- (i) Satyagraha emphasised the power of truth and need to search for truth. (ii) It suggested that if the cause was true, if the struggle was against injustice, then physical force was not necessary to fight the oppressor. (iii) Without seeking vengeance or being aggressive, a satyagrahi could win the battle through non-violence. This could be done by appealing to the conscience of the oppressor. (iv) Gandhiji also believed that people had to be persuaded, instead of being forced, to see the truth through non-violence. The significance Civil Disobedience Movement: (i )People were asked to not only refuse cooperation with the British (as they had done in 1921–22), but also break the colonial laws. (ii) Thousands in different parts of the country broke the salt law, manufactured salt and demonstrated in front of government salt factories. (iii) As the movement spread, foreign cloth was boycotte...

Limitations of the Civil Disobedience Movement • Dalit's participation in the Civil Disobedience movement was very limited. • The participation of Muslim political groups was lukewarm, as there was an atmosphere of distrust and suspicion. • The role of Sanatanis and Hindu Mahasabha was very dominant. • In 1930 Dr. B R Ambedkar clashed with Mahatma Gandhi at the second-round table conference by demanding a separate electorate for Dalits. • Different sections of people in the Civil Disobedience movement had their own aspirations, hence the struggle was not united and there was discontent among the participants.

In an event that would have dramatic repercussions for the people of India, Born in India and educated in England, Gandhi traveled to South Africa in early 1893 to practice law under a one-year contract. Settling in Natal, he was subjected to racism and South African laws that restricted the rights of Indian laborers. Gandhi later recalled one such incident, in which he was removed from a first-class railway compartment and thrown off a train, as his moment of truth. From thereon, he decided to fight injustice and defend his rights as an Indian and a man. When his contract expired, he spontaneously decided to remain in South Africa and launch a campaign against legislation that would deprive Indians of the right to vote. He formed the Natal Indian Congress and drew international attention to the plight of Indians in South Africa. In 1906, the Transvaal government sought to further restrict the rights of Indians, and Gandhi organized his first campaign of satyagraha, or mass civil disobedience. After seven years of protest, he negotiated a compromise agreement with the South African government. In 1914, Gandhi returned to India and lived a life of abstinence and spirituality on the periphery of Indian politics. He supported Britain in the First World War but in 1919 launched a new satyagraha in protest of Britain’s mandatory military draft of Indians. Hundreds of thousands answered his call to protest, and by 1920 he was leader of the Indian movement for independence. Alway...

The civil disobedience movement was a landmark event in the Indian Nationalist movement. In many ways, the civil disobedience movement is credited for paving the way for freedom in India. It was significant in many ways as it was a movement spread to the urban areas and witnessed the participation of women and people belonging to the lower castes. In this blog, we bring to you the revision notes of the civil disobedience movement. Also Read: This Blog Includes: • • • • • • • • • • • What is Civil Disobedience Movement?: How it Began Civil disobedience was initiated under the stewardship of Civil Disobedience Movement: Effects of the movement Following Gandhi’s footsteps, C. Rajgopalchari in Tamil Nadu led a similar march from Trichinopoly to Vedaranyam. At the same time The reaction of the British government To consider the reforms by the The viceroy, Lord Irwin made efforts to persuade Congress to join the second round table congress. Gandhi and Irwin reached an agreement wherein the government agreed to release all political prisoners against whom there were no charges of violence and in turn, Congress would suspend the civil disobedience movement. In the Karachi session in 1931, presided over by Vallabhbhai Patel, it was decided that the congress would participate in the 2nd round table congress. Gandhi represented the session which met in September 1931. The Karachi Session At the Karachi session, an important resolution of Impact of Civil Disobedience Movement The imp...

Civil Disobedience Movement The Lahore Congress of 1929 authorized the Working Committee to launch a programme of civil disobedience. Gandhiji was invested with full powers to launch the Civil Disobedience movement. He gave his ultimatum to Lord Irwin on 31 January 1930. His ultimatum being ignored the Civil Disobedience was launched. Causes: The Congress declared that if the government did not accept a constitution based on the dominion status within a year, it would adopt ‘Purana Swaraj’ as its goal. In 1929, having a meeting with Ramsay Macdonald, the Prime Minister of England, Lord Irwin returned to India and declared that the object of the British Government was to grant India dominion status. But the Prime Minister under pressure of the conservative leaders, failed to keep his promise. When Gandhiji met Lord Irwin in December 1929, the latter refused to make any commitment regarding dominion status. In utter despair Gandhiji said, ‘I have burnt my boat’. The country became prepared to fight for ‘Purana Swaraj’. According to Amales Tripathi, the main cause of the Civil Disobedience movement was worldwide economic depression during the period 1929-1930. Young leaders of the Congress became impatient for a movement. The revolutionaries were not sitting idle. The organizations of the works and the peasants gathered strength under organizations of the workers and the peasants gathered strength under the leadership of the communists. All these events led Gandhiji to feel t...

Civil Disobedience Movement The Lahore Congress of 1929 authorized the Working Committee to launch a programme of civil disobedience. Gandhiji was invested with full powers to launch the Civil Disobedience movement. He gave his ultimatum to Lord Irwin on 31 January 1930. His ultimatum being ignored the Civil Disobedience was launched. Causes: The Congress declared that if the government did not accept a constitution based on the dominion status within a year, it would adopt ‘Purana Swaraj’ as its goal. In 1929, having a meeting with Ramsay Macdonald, the Prime Minister of England, Lord Irwin returned to India and declared that the object of the British Government was to grant India dominion status. But the Prime Minister under pressure of the conservative leaders, failed to keep his promise. When Gandhiji met Lord Irwin in December 1929, the latter refused to make any commitment regarding dominion status. In utter despair Gandhiji said, ‘I have burnt my boat’. The country became prepared to fight for ‘Purana Swaraj’. According to Amales Tripathi, the main cause of the Civil Disobedience movement was worldwide economic depression during the period 1929-1930. Young leaders of the Congress became impatient for a movement. The revolutionaries were not sitting idle. The organizations of the works and the peasants gathered strength under organizations of the workers and the peasants gathered strength under the leadership of the communists. All these events led Gandhiji to feel t...