Father of pharmacy

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William Procter Jr. (May 3, 1817 – February 10, 1874) was an American Procter worked in a time when pharmacy was an unregulated, unrestricted profession. Drug sales are open to anyone. Jobbers supplied the drug kits. Drugs were sold by general stores, by physicians, or by almost anyone with no training required. In addition to drugs, drug stores sold a variety of materials including chemicals, dyes, poisons like arsenic, and even paints and oils. Most drugs came from botanicals, but importers had no way to assess quality. Procter entered the field through an apprenticeship with Henry M. Zollickoffer in 1831 in Philadelphia. Elias Durand, a nearby pharmacist trained in France, encouraged Procter to pursue investigations. He attended the Assay of drugs became a specialty. Wholesalers paid for analysis before accepting a shipment. Imported drug materials could vary widely in quality. Drugs rejected in Europe were sometimes shipped to America. Unethical vendors extended their wares by adding inerts like sawdust. The In the 1850s companies began to manufacture drug preparations that previously were prepared by hand by druggists. Concerns arose that commercial preparations could deviate from those in the Pharmacopeia causing variations in effects. The government imposed excise taxes on alcohol during the Civil War. Alcohol was commonly used in preparations. Higher costs favored manufactured drugs. Licenses required for medicinal alcohol caused pharmacies to add liquor sales. Cus...

Today is the fathers' day, so I think it's not a bad idea, at all, to write few words on these wonderful personalities whose contributions over the course were remarkable.It is, of course, them whom drawn our attention towards the quest of many problems which would serve mankind after all.And the interest of gaining knowledge increases predominantly in recent years. However, have you ever wonder who these pioneers might be? Well I shall make it easy for you. William Procter Jr. He was born on 3rd May, 1817 in Baltimore. He was very good at observation and had the ability to rapid acquire knowledge which was quiet astonishing at such young age. His father, Issac Procter, died tragically of yellow fever in 1820 which dragged him to work at a cooper shop of his relative where he became very familiar with tools which was of great use to him in after life. William Procter Jr. In 1831, at the age of 14 he was forced to work at a drug store of Henry M. Zollickoffer where he spent six years in Pennsylvania studying chemistry and pharmacy with utmost care. In 1837 he was graduated from the college of Pharmacy where he showcased his excellence very well. After the graduation in 1844 he opened a drug store at Ninth and Lombard streets and there he spent most of his time improving many of the formulae of the pharmacopeia and formulating new preparations and did some researches. That became his job for rest of his life. Among his achievements, he was elected professor of pharmacy in th...

41 Questions from Britannica’s Most Popular World History Quizzes Politics). These are the only Hippocrates’ reputation, and Corpus Hippocraticum). Linguists and physicians subsequently wrote commentaries on them, and, as a result, all the virtues of the Classical medical works were eventually The virtues of the Hippocratic writings are many, and, although they are of varying lengths and literary quality, they are all simple and direct, earnest in their desire to help, and lacking in technical jargon and elaborate argument. The works show such different views and styles that they cannot be by one person, and some were clearly written in later periods. Yet all the works of the Corpus share basic assumptions about how the body works and what disease is, providing a sense of the substance and appeal of ancient Greek medicine as practiced by Hippocrates and other physicians of his era. Prominent among these attractive works are the Epidemics, which give annual records of weather and associated diseases, along with individual case histories and records of treatment, collected from cities in northern Greece. Diseases deal with serious illnesses, proceeding from the head to the feet, giving symptoms, prognoses, and treatments. There are works on diseases of women, childbirth, and pediatrics. Prescribed medications, other than foods and local salves, are generally purgatives to rid the body of the noxious substances thought to cause disease. Some works argue that medicine is indee...

Pharmacy is the clinical health science that involves medical science and chemistry. It functions to discover, produce, dispose of, safe and effective use, and control medications and drugs. The birth and the history of the pharmacy began when the early humans realized that the extracts of the leaves have medicinal values. From that day, humans started trying various plants on several injuries and diseases based on previous observations. It kept on continuing till the late 18th century. In the late 18th century, people started experimenting with chemicals, which revolutionized pharmaceuticals. Scientists observed that some chemicals reacted differently at different temperatures. Table of Contents • • • • • • History of Pharmacy Many medical experts did experiments with various chemicals intending to treat human health. It was also the time when there were widespread diseases without any medicines to cure them. Once people started mixing chemicals and herbal medicines, they started achieving better results. It was in the 19th century that bacteria was discovered, and microscopes started coming up. A lot of researchers also understood the fact that a lot of diseases are caused because of bacteria. So, the researchers felt that to cure bacterial diseases, we have to study the bacteria to know how they function and their prevention. This was a huge shift in pharmacy; earlier, people were trying medicine on a trial and error basis, which is considered inhumane today. After peop...