Granules in pharmacy

Granulation is a critical and most important part of pharmaceutical manufacturing. The aims of granulation process is to provide a more homogenous mixture with formation of granules by agglomeration of fine particles. Granulation is the process of particle enlargement by agglomeration technique. Where fine powders transform into free-flowing, dust-free granules that are easy to compress. Types of Granulation in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing There are numerous granulation technique available in pharmaceutical manufacturing. These are different from each other by their principle of granulation process. Frequently used granulation technique are mentioned below – • Roller compaction, • High shear mixing, • Fluid bed granulation Roller compaction: this technique is commonly used for dry granulation. Where granules are formed without presence of any liquid solution. It is a relatively simple, inexpensive and more efficient method of dry granulation. In this method formulation ingredients are continuously passed between two counter-rotating rollers and produce a sheet of solid mass. High shear mixing: this technique is an established and more user-friendly technology of granulation process in pharmaceutical industry. But long time for changeover and large number of operators are required for this process. Fluid bed granulation: using this technique granulationis achieved by suspending the powder in the fluidized bed air and then binder solution is sprayed from nozzles that are eit...

• v • t • e Granulation is the process of forming From powder [ ] The granulation process combines one or more Granulation is carried out for various reasons, one of which is to prevent the Many powders, because of their small size, irregular shape or surface characteristics, are cohesive and do not flow well. Granules produced from such a cohesive system will be larger and more isodiametric (roughly spherical), both factors contributing to improved flow properties. Some powders are difficult to compact even if a readily compactable adhesive is included in the mix, but granules of the same powders are often more easily compacted. This is associated with the distribution of the adhesive within the granule and is a function of the method employed to produce the granule. For example, if one were to make tablets from Two types of granulation technologies are employed: wet granulation and dry granulation. Wet granulation [ ] In wet granulation, granules are formed by the addition of a granulation liquid onto a powder bed which is under the influence of an Water mixed into the powders can form bonds between powder particles that are strong enough to lock them together. However, once the water dries, the powders may fall apart. Therefore, water may not be strong enough to create and hold a bond.The binding of the particles together with the use of liquid is a combination of capillary and clinging forces until more permanent bonding is established. States of liquid saturation in g...

What is SOLOSEC? SOLOSEC ® (secnidazole) 2g oral granules is a prescription medicine used to treat bacterial vaginosis in females 12 years of age and older. SOLOSEC is used to treat Trichomoniasis, a common sexually transmitted infection (STI), in people 12 years of age and older. People taking SOLOSEC for Trichomoniasis should avoid having sex until they and their sex partners are treated with the same dose and at the same time, to prevent reinfection. It is not known if SOLOSEC is safe and effective in children under 12 years of age. How should I take SOLOSEC? SOLOSEC is a single-dose therapy for oral use. Use SOLOSEC by sprinkling an entire packet of SOLOSEC onto applesauce, yogurt, or pudding. The entire dose should be taken at once, and finished within 30 minutes. Avoid chewing or crunching the granules. SOLOSEC should not be taken by dissolving the granules in any liquid. Avoid drinking alcohol during treatment with SOLOSEC and for 2 days (48 hours) after you take SOLOSEC. Important Safety Information • You should not use SOLOSEC if you've had an allergic reaction to secnidazole, other ingredients of the formulation, or other nitroimidazole derivatives or have Cockayne syndrome. • Before taking SOLOSEC, tell your healthcare provider about all of your medical conditions, including if you • Are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. • Are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Breastfeeding is not recommended. You should not breastfeed for 96 hours (4 days) after taking SO...

Solid dosage forms require the addition of different types of such as , . In the pharmaceutical industry, the most common way to achieve these properties is by mixing the drug substance with a variety of excipients and granulating them using different techniques to ensure uniform mixing, such as direct mixing, roll Introduction Granulation is a technique for enlarging the particle size by a granulation process. The process is one of the most important operations in the production of solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules [[1], [2], [3]]. The target drug and excipients are blended by granulation technology to provide an appropriate particle size distribution, which provides the basis for subsequent dosage form processing. For example, good material homogeneity, flowability and compressibility for the tablet compression process [4,5], and excellent stability for transport in the storage process [3,6]. It also provides the appropriate drug release properties for disintegration and dissolution processes, ensuring the desired dissolution profile and AUC curve in vivo and in vitro, thus ensuring good absorption of the drug and achieving better therapeutic results [[7], [8], [9], [10], [11]]. The primary methods of aggregate formation include solid bridging, bonding, sintering, chemical reaction, crystallization, and colloidal particle deposition [12]. At present, according to the methods to promote the adhesion of powder particles, the granulation technology can be divi...

Dosing your formulas correctly is one of the most important factors in generating consistently good clinical outcomes. A perfect pattern diagnosis with the exact combination of herbs to treat it can fall desperately short of effective if the dose of each ingredient or the whole formula is off. So how do you decide what is an appropriate dose for any individual herb or even the total dosage of herbs for a patient? There are different things to consider when building a formula from granule herbs versus from bulk herbs, so let’s look at a couple of important factors for granule herbs: 1.) There is not a consistent relationship between weight and volume for granules produced by different manufacturers Our pharmacy uses a variety of different granule companies who have various manufacturing practices that result in granules that have variable weight and volume relationships (i.e. some grains of granules from one company could be bigger, or heavier, or both than some others). What that means practically is that there is no consistent weight to volume relationship for any formula that is filled in a pharmacy that uses granules from multiple manufacturers, and so, at Root & Branch we measure out the dosage for every bag of herbs and count the number of level spoons that it takes to hit that dosage weight. Using that method, we make sure that patients have a reasonable idea of how much herb to take in an easy way (using those little plastic spoons which, in our clinic, are about 1/...

Difference between Powder and Granules, Definition of Granules: Difference between Powder and Granules, Granules: It is the aggregations of small particle of power varies in size between 0.2 and 0.4 mm depending on their subsequent size. When granules are used as Tablet and Capsules, their size may vary from 0.2 and 0.5 mm. The particle form granules then the segregation of granules tend to less compare to power. The granules can easily withstand in atmosphere upon standing in long time but powder can’t stand long tine in this condition. You can wet the granules in more easy way by liquid solvent. Various types of dry powder products are available in the current market which further made solution and suspension upon addition solvent. Generally powder in pharmaceuticals company considered in solid dosage form which may contains medicinal or non-medicinal [Excipients] ingredients use for external or internal purpose. The pharmaceutical powder may be obtained from comminuting, grinding and crushing. The particle size of the powder may vary from 10 nm to 1000 μm. In the modern history the usage of powder is increasing day by day in various field mainly in chemicals, cosmetics, foods and pharmaceuticals. The most of the pharmaceuticals dosage form administer as solid stage dosage form which is mainly prepared by powder [Granules] by means of various ways as processing and formulations. Difference between Powder and Granules? Powder Granules Any distinct/discrete particles havin...

Friability test of tablets, Granules, Spheroids is a technique used by the pharmaceutical company to test the durability of tablets, Granules as well as Spheroids before coating, packaging, and transportation. Tablet Friability is the physical condition that describes the tendency of tablets to break into smaller pieces or to detach a percentage of powder or powder loss from the tablet’s outer surface under mechanical and physical stress. Since some high-hardness tablets tend to produce Table of Contents 1 • • • • • • • • • • Friability test of tablets (uncoated) Sample requirement: For ≤ 650 mg weight of tablets, take 6.5 g tablets or as near as possible to 6.5 g. For tablets with more than 650 mg weight, take 10 tablets. Before testing, tablets must be cautiously dedusted. Friability Test Apparatus [2, 3] Friability Test Apparatus or Friability tester is known as the Roche friabilator. A Friability Test Apparatus consists of a drum, with an internal diameter between 283 mm – 291 mm and a depth between 36 mm – 40 mm, of transparent synthetic polymer with polished internal surfaces, and subject to minimum static build-up (Figure). Moreover, one side of the drum is removable. The tablets are tumbled at each turn of the drum by a curved projection with an inside radius between 75.5 mm – 85.5 mm that extends from the middle of the drum to the outer wall. The outer diameter of the central ring is between 24.5 mm – 25.5 mm. The drum is attached to the horizontal axis of a devic...