How would you distinguish experimentally between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid?

Hint: An alcohol contains the functional group − O H and carboxylic acid contains − C O O H Correct Answer : Option A Explanation: The test to distinguish between alcohol and carboxylic acid is the sodium bicarbonate test. Alcohols don’t respond to this test and carboxylic reacts producing C O 2 ​ effervescence. The reaction is as follows; RCOOH + NaHC O 3 ​ → RCOONa + H 2 ​ O + C O 2 ​ ↑

Step 1: Alcohol is a hydrocarbon that contains - OH as a functional group. An example of alcohol is C 2 H 5 OH Carboxylic acid is a hydrocarbon that contains - COOH as functional group. An example of carboxylic acid is CH 3 COOH Step 2: Chemical Test: There is a test to distinguish between alcohol and carboxylic acid: Treatment with sodium carbonate When Sodium carbonate ( Na 2 CO 3 ) is added to carboxylic acid it gives effervescence. 2 CH 3 COOH + Na 2 CO 3 → 2 CH 3 COONa + CO 2 + H 2 O ( Carboxylic ( Sodium ( Sodium acetate ) acid ) carbonate ) But when Sodium carbonate ( Na 2 CO 3 ) is added to alcohol then there is no reaction. C 2 H 5 OH + Na 2 CO 3 → No reaction ( Alcohol ) ( sodium carbonate ) Q. (a) What would be observed on adding a 5% alkaline potassium permanganate solution drop by drop to some warm ethanol in a test-tube? Write the name of the compound formed during the chemical reaction. Also write chemical equation of the reaction which takes place. (b) How would you distinguish experimentally between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid on the basis of a chemical property? Q. (a) What is a homologous series of compounds? List any two characteristics of a homologous series. (b) (i) What would be observed on adding a 5% alkaline potassium permanganate solution drop by drop to some warm ethanol in a test tube? (ii) Write the name of the compound formed during the chemical reaction. (c) How would you distinguish experimentally between an alcohol and a carboxyli...

How would you distinguish experimentally between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid? Answer: If we react carboxylic acid with sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ), it will produce CO 2 gas which turns lime water milky . However, if we react to an alcohol with sodium carbonate, CO 2 gas will not be evolved and lime water will not turn milky.

(i) Test with NaHCO3 solution in water' On adding carboxylic acid to baking soda, carbon dioxide is liberated with brisk effervescence. On adding a solution of baking soda to alcohol, no brisk effervescence occurs. (ii) Test with blue litmus solution. Carboxylic acid turns blue litmus red' There is no change in colour when a blue litmus solution is added to alcohol.

\( \newcommand\) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Objectives After completing this section, you should be able to • discuss the wide occurrence of esters in nature, and their important commercial uses, giving one example of an ester linkage in nature, and one example of a commercially important ester. • write an equation to describe the hydrolysis of an ester under acidic or basic conditions. • identify the products formed from the hydrolysis of an given ester. • identify the reagents that can be used to bring about ester hydrolysis. • identify the structure of an unknown ester, given the products of its hydrolysis. • write the mechanism of alkaline ester hydrolysis. • write the mechanism of acidic ester hydrolysis. • write an equation to describe the reduction of an ester with lithium aluminum hydride. • identify the product formed from the reduction of a given ester (or lactone) with lithium aluminum hydride. • identify the ester, the reagents, or both, that should be used to prepare a given primary alcohol. • write a detailed mechanism for the reduction of an ester by lithium aluminum hydride. • identify diisobutylaluminum hydride as a reagent for reducing an ester to an aldehyde, and write an equation for such a reaction. • write an equation to describe the reaction of an ester with a Grignard reagent. • identify the product formed from the reaction of a given ester with a given Grignard reagent. • identify the ester, the Grignard...