Hypo

Hypomania is a condition in which you display a revved up energy or activity level, mood or behavior. The new “energized you” is recognized by others as beyond your usual self. Hypomania is a less severe form of mania, and both are commonly part of bipolar disorder. Treatments include psychotherapy, medication and self-care strategies. Overview What is hypomania? Hypomania is a condition in which you have a period of abnormally elevated, extreme changes in your mood or emotions, energy level or activity level. This energized level of energy, mood and behavior must be a change from your usual self and be noticeable by others. Hypomania is a symptom of What’s the difference between hypomania and mania? Hypomania is a less severe form of mania. The criteria that healthcare professionals use to make the diagnosis of either hypomania or mania is what sets them apart. These differences are as follows: Hypomania Mania How long the episode lasts At least four consecutive days At least one week Severity of episode Not severe enough to significantly affect social or work/school functioning Causes severe impact on social or work/school functioning Need for hospitalization No Possibly Need for hospitalization Can’t be present for a diagnosis of hypomania Is among possible symptoms What triggers a hypomanic episode? Each person’s triggers may be different. Some common triggers include: • A highly stimulating situation or environment (e.g., lots of noise, bright lights, large crowds). •...

Overview What is hypomagnesemia? Hypomagnesemia, also known as magnesium deficiency, happens when you have a lower-than-normal level of magnesium in your blood. It can be mild or severe. Magnesium is an Magnesium has a direct effect on the balance of other electrolytes, including sodium, calcium and potassium. Hypomagnesemia often happens alongside hypocalcemia (low blood calcium levels) and It should be noted that while most of your body’s magnesium is stored in your bones, it’s only the magnesium dissolved in extracellular fluid (mostly blood plasma) that’s available for use by cells and organs. Three organs are responsible for maintaining normal magnesium levels, including your: • • Bones, which are the main storage system for magnesium. • If there’s an issue in any step of this process, it can cause hypomagnesemia. Who does hypomagnesemia affect? Hypomagnesemia can affect anyone at any age. People with certain health conditions and in certain situations are more likely to have hypomagnesemia. It occurs in: • 2% of the general U.S. population. • 10% to 20% of people in the hospital. • 50% to 60% of people in the intensive care unit (ICU). • 30% to 80% of people with • 25% of people with poorly managed Symptoms and Causes What are the symptoms of hypomagnesemia? Hypomagnesemia can present in many different ways, but it mainly affects your neuromuscular system and heart. Some people don’t have any symptoms (are asymptomatic). Symptoms of mild hypomagnesemia include: • Tre...

Noun In a fit of desperation, one of the paramedics in Nikki’s room produces a hypo with a five-inch needle, loads it with pure adrenaline, and plunges it into the dead rocker’s heart. — Dean Kuipers, SPIN, 8 Jan. 2023 These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'hypo.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors.

A hypoglycemic episode, or hypoglycemic attack, occurs when blood glucose falls to a potentially dangerous level. It can lead to sweating, shaking, or fatigue. The person may need a nasal spray or injection of glucagon. When blood sugar falls below the normal levels, it is known as hypo. The term In this article, we discuss the warning signs of a hypoglycemic episode, how to treat it, and what to do in a hypoglycemic emergency. Share on Pinterest Halfpoint Images/Getty Images The symptoms of a hypoglycemic episode often • shaking or feeling jittery • being nervous or anxious • sweating, chills, and clamminess • becoming irritable or impatient • experiencing confusion • fast or unsteady heartbeat • dizziness or feeling lightheaded • hunger • nausea • skin becoming pale, which may be more apparent in people with lighter skin tones • feeling tired and weak or having no energy • blurred vision • tingling or numbness • • clumsiness • nightmares In very severe cases, when blood sugar levels become extremely low, people may lose consciousness or have a seizure. Experts typically define hypoglycemia as blood sugar levels below Some experts may also use • Level 1, or mild: Blood glucose is lower than 70 mg/dl but equal to or higher than 54 mg/dl. • Level 2, or moderate: Blood glucose is less than 54 mg/dl. • Level 3, or severe: Blood glucose is often less than 40 mg/dl, and the person is unable to function. They will require another person to administer corrective actions. There ar...

Hypothyroidism is a common condition where the thyroid doesn’t create and release enough thyroid hormone into your bloodstream. This makes your metabolism slow down. Also called underactive thyroid, hypothyroidism can make you feel tired, gain weight and be unable to tolerate cold temperatures. The main treatment for hypothyroidism is hormone replacement therapy. Overview What is hypothyroidism? Hypothyroidism is a condition where there isn’t enough thyroid hormone in your bloodstream and your metabolism slows down. Hypothyroidism happens when your thyroid doesn’t create and release enough thyroid hormone into your body. This makes your metabolism slow down, affecting you entire body. Also known as underactive thyroid disease, hypothyroidism is fairly common. When your thyroid levels are extremely low, this is called myxedema. A very serious condition, myxedema can cause serious symptoms, including: • • • • Confusion. • Coma. This severe type of hypothyroidism is life-threatening. In general, hypothyroidism is a very treatable condition. It can be managed with regular medications and follow-up appointments with your healthcare provider. How does my thyroid work? The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped organ located in the front of your neck just under the voice box (larynx). Picture the middle of the butterfly’s body centered on your neck, with the wings hugging around your windpipe (trachea). The main job of the thyroid is to control your metabolism. Metabolism is ...

Prefixes are key morphemes in English vocabulary that begin words. The Greek prefix hypo- is an important morpheme of the English language. Examples using this prefix include hypothermia and hypocritical. An easy way to remember that the prefix hypo- means “under” is through the adjective hypodermic, which refers to going “under” the skin, especially when being given a shot. No Hippo Under Hypo! Prefixes are key morphemes in English vocabulary that begin words. The prefix hypo- means “under.” Let’s get "under"way with our discussion of hypo-! When a nurse uses a hypodermic needle, she wants to go “under” the skin to administer a shot. The word hypodermic is often shortened to hypo. Speaking of medical terminology, someone who is suffering from hypothermia has a body temperature that is considerably “under” 98.6 degrees,which often comes from being exposed to outside cold for too long. A hypoventilating patient is breathing too shallowly or “under” the normal rate of taking breaths. A hypochondriac, or one who is always very worried about his health, is etymologically suffering from being “under” his rib cartilage; the abdomen, “under” the ribs, was once believed to be the center of melancholy, which led to being depressed or overly anxious about overall health status. And a person who is suffering from hypothyroidism has a thyroid that is functioning “under” its normal capacity, causing symptoms of depression, fatigue, and hair loss, among other things. Let’s talk about tw...

Overview Hypothyroidism happens when the thyroid gland doesn't make enough thyroid hormone. This condition also is called underactive thyroid. Hypothyroidism may not cause noticeable symptoms in its early stages. Over time, hypothyroidism that isn't treated can lead to other health problems, such as high cholesterol and heart problems. Thyroid gland The thyroid gland is located at the base of the neck, just below the Adam's apple. The symptoms of hypothyroidism depend on the severity of the condition. Problems tend to develop slowly, often over several years. At first, you may barely notice the symptoms of hypothyroidism, such as fatigue and weight gain. Or you may think they are just part of getting older. But as your metabolism continues to slow, you may develop more-obvious problems. Hypothyroidism symptoms may include: • Tiredness. • More sensitivity to cold. • Constipation. • Dry skin. • Weight gain. • Puffy face. • Hoarse voice. • Coarse hair and skin. • Muscle weakness. • Muscle aches, tenderness and stiffness. • Menstrual cycles that are heavier than usual or irregular. • Thinning hair. • Slowed heart rate, also called bradycardia. • Depression. • Memory problems. Hypothyroidism in infants Anyone can get hypothyroidism, including infants. Most babies born without a thyroid gland or with a gland that doesn't work correctly don't have symptoms right away. But if hypothyroidism isn't diagnosed and treated, symptoms start to appear. They may include: • Feeding problems...

Hypogammaglobulinemia can make it harder for the body to protect itself from infection. You can be born with it or develop it due to another health condition or medication. Hypogammaglobulinemia is a problem with the immune system that prevents it from making enough antibodies called immunoglobulins. Antibodies are proteins that help your body recognize and fight off foreign invaders like bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Without enough antibodies, you’re more likely to get infections. People with hypogammaglobulinemia can more easily catch pneumonia, meningitis, and other infections that a healthy immune system would normally protect against. These infections can damage organs and lead to potentially serious complications. People with this condition get more frequent infections than usual. Common infections include: • • • • • • Some of these infections can be serious. Babies with hypogammaglobulinemia often get Babies that are born with THI first show symptoms about Which symptoms you or your child has will depend on what infections you get, but they can include: • coughing • sore throat • fever • ear pain • congestion • sinus pain • diarrhea • nausea and vomiting • abdominal cramps • joint pain Several gene changes (mutations) have been linked to hypogammaglobulinemia. One such mutation affects the BTK gene. This gene is needed to help B cells grow and mature. B cells are a type of immune cell that makes antibodies. Immature B cells don’t make enough antibodies to protect th...

Hypopigmentation is a loss of skin color due to genetics, a health condition, such as vitiligo, or a skin trauma. It can affect people from birth or develop later in life. A person with hypopigmentation Common causes of hypopigmentation • • • • In this article, learn about the different types of hypopigmentation and why they occur. Share on Pinterest FG Trade/Getty Images To understand hypopigmentation, it is helpful to know how skin usually gets its color. Melanocytes are pigment cells that produce melanin. Melanin is the protein that gives skin, hair, and eyes their pigment, or color. The amount of pigment in a person’s skin will depend on genetic factors and sun exposure. However, for some people, pigmentation disorders can affect their skin’s darkness or lightness. If the cells that produce melanin become damaged or have unusual genetic features, this Hypopigmentation can affect skin of any color, but it may be There are several different causes of hypopigmentation, such as: • injury or trauma to the skin, such as a blister or burn • an inflammatory reaction, such as after an infection • damage to melanocytes, the cells that produce melanin • Cosmetic skin treatments, such as chemical and laser peels, may also cause hypopigmentation if the procedure is done incorrectly. Some chronic or genetic conditions can cause hypopigmentation. In these cases, hypopigmentation is usually present from birth. Various conditions can result in hypopigmentation. Here are some of them. A...

Prefixes are key morphemes in English vocabulary that begin words. The Greek prefix hypo- is an important morpheme of the English language. Examples using this prefix include hypothermia and hypocritical. An easy way to remember that the prefix hypo- means “under” is through the adjective hypodermic, which refers to going “under” the skin, especially when being given a shot. No Hippo Under Hypo! Prefixes are key morphemes in English vocabulary that begin words. The prefix hypo- means “under.” Let’s get "under"way with our discussion of hypo-! When a nurse uses a hypodermic needle, she wants to go “under” the skin to administer a shot. The word hypodermic is often shortened to hypo. Speaking of medical terminology, someone who is suffering from hypothermia has a body temperature that is considerably “under” 98.6 degrees,which often comes from being exposed to outside cold for too long. A hypoventilating patient is breathing too shallowly or “under” the normal rate of taking breaths. A hypochondriac, or one who is always very worried about his health, is etymologically suffering from being “under” his rib cartilage; the abdomen, “under” the ribs, was once believed to be the center of melancholy, which led to being depressed or overly anxious about overall health status. And a person who is suffering from hypothyroidism has a thyroid that is functioning “under” its normal capacity, causing symptoms of depression, fatigue, and hair loss, among other things. Let’s talk about tw...