In the electrolytic refining of a metal m

In electrolytic refining, the plates of crude metal are anodically dissolved in a suitable electrolyte, while “pure” metal is deposited on the adjacent cathodes. The electrorefining process was introduced about a hundred years ago to produce a substitute to fire-refined copper. Today, practically all of the world’s copper production (~8,000,000 metric tons/year) is electrorefined, constituting by far the largest electrolytic refining industry. Much smaller, but also important, are the electrolytic refining industries producing lead, nickel, silver, and other minor metals. Keywords • Current Efficiency • Cell Voltage • Leach Liquor • Anode Slime • Zinc Electrowinning These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. • J. R. Boldt, Jr., The Winning of Nickel, Longmans Canada Ltd., Toronto (1967). • M. J. Nicol and H. I. Philip, Underpotential deposition and its relation to the anomalous deposition of metals in alloys, J. Electroanal. Chem. 70, 233 (1976). • T. N. Andersen, R. D. Budd, and R. W. Strachan, A rapid electrochemical method for measuring the concentration of active glue in copper refinery electrolyte which contains thiourea, Met. Trans. B 7B, 333 (1976). • V. A. Mukhin and A. I. Levin, The Effect of the Chloride Ion on the Quality of Electrolytic Copper, Tsvetn. Metal. 37 (11), 36 (1964). • C. W. Dichrodt and J. H. Schloen, Electrolytic copper refining, in C...

In electrolytic refining of a metal, the electrolytic refining tank consists of: Anode: Abulky piece of impure metal (attached to positive terminal) Cathode: A thin layer of pure metal (attached to negative terminal) Electrolyte: Salt solution of the metal, which is being refined, is taken as the electrolytic solution or electrolyte. When electricity is passed through the cell, impure metal from the anode melts and goes into the electrolyte. The pure metal from the electrolyte moves to the cathode and gets deposited there as pure metal. The impurities that are soluble dissolve in electrolyte andinsolubleimpuritiesdeposit under anode as anode mud.

A rod of impure metal M would be used as an anode and a thin strip of pure metal M would be used as the cathode. A water-soluble salt of metal M would be used as an electrolyte. When current is passed through the electrolyte, the impure metal from the anode is dissolved in the electrolyte and an equal amount of pure metal from the electrolyte is deposited on the cathode. During extraction of metals, electrolytic refining is used to obtain pure metals. (a) Which material will be used as anode and cathode for refining of silver metal by this process? (b) Suggest a suitable electrolyte also. (c) In this electrolytic cell, where do we get pure silver after passing electric current?

Refining or Purification of Impure Metals: Metals like Copper, Aluminium, Iron, etc., occur in nature in the combined state, in the form of their oxides, carbonates, sulphides, and so on. These are then extracted from their ‘ores’ through various extraction processes employed, depending upon the type of ore and the combination it occurs in nature. The processes employed are selected based upon their chemical feasibility and economic and commercial viability. Many metallurgical principles are used to extract these metals from their ores. Metals, when extracted from their ores, or prepared through various reduction processes, are not always in their pure form. They contain several impurities which need to be removed before they can be used. Refining or purification of impure metals extracted through the metallurgical processes is then used to ensure the final product or the metal extracted is in its purest form. Refining of Metals Refining of metals is defined as the process of removal of impurities from the extracted metal. The purification of metals after their extraction is called refining. Any metal extracted from different methods, the contaminations or impurities are something that comes with it, despite the perfect selection of the extraction process. A particular refining technique is selected depending upon the type of impurities present and their difference with the properties of the metal to be refined. Distillation Distillation is a refining process for metals th...

Electrowinning, also called electroextraction, is the Electrorefining uses a similar process to remove impurities from a metal. Both processes use electrowon. In electrowinning, an electrical current is passed from an inert leach solution containing the dissolved metal ions so that the metal is recovered as it is deposited in an History [ ] Most metal Because metal deposition rates are related to available surface area, maintaining properly working cathodes is important. Two cathode types exist, if the electrolyzed metal has a lower melting point than the cathode, heating the cathode to the electrolyzed metal's melting point causing the electrolyzed metal to liquify and separate from the cathode, which remains solid). Reticulated cathodes have a much higher deposition rate compared to flat-plate cathodes due to their greater surface area. However, reticulated cathodes are not reusable and must be sent off for recycling. Alternatively, starter cathodes of pre-refined metals can be used, which become an integral part of the finished metal ready for rolling or further processing. See also [ ] • References [ ] • ^ a b United States Congress Office of Technology Assessment (1988). Copper, Technology & Competitiveness. DIANE Publishing. pp.142–143. 9781428922457. • Alexander Watt, Electro-Deposition a Practical Treatise, Read Books (2008), p. 395. • John Baker Cannington Kershaw, • Kerfoot, Derek G. E. (2005). "Nickel". • Renner, Hermann; Schlamp, Günther; Hollmann, Dieter; Lüsc...

Q. Question 38 During extraction of metals, electrolytic refining is used to obtain pure metals. (a) Which material will be used as anode and cathode for refining of silver metal by this process? (b) Suggest a suitable electrolyte also. (c) In this electrolytic cell, where do we get pure silver after passing electric current?

Refining is the final procedure for removing (and often recovering as by-products) the last small amounts of impurities left after the major extraction steps have been completed. It leaves the major metallic element in a practically pure state for commercial application. The procedure is accomplished in three ways: refining by fire, by electrolytic, or by chemical methods. Iron, The Converter-produced blister copper and blast-furnace lead also are treated by fire refining, with both processes depending on the weaker Other fire-refining operations use fractional distillation. By this method, zinc metal of 98 percent purity can be upgraded to 99.995 percent purity. The main impurities in blast-furnace zinc are lead and cadmium, with lead boiling at 1,744 °C (3,171 °F), zinc at 907 °C (1,665 °F), and cadmium at 765 °C (1,409 °F). In the first stage zinc and cadmium are boiled off, leaving liquid lead, and in the second stage cadmium is boiled off to leave special high-purity zinc metal. This method gives the highest-purity metal product as well as the best recovery of valuable impurities. It is used for copper, An example of chemical refining is the nickel carbonyl process, in which impure nickel metal is selectively reacted with carbon monoxide gas to form nickel carbonyl gas. This gas is then decomposed to give high-purity nickel metal. Hydrometallurgy is concerned with the selective leaching of metallic Conversion Because not all ores and concentrates are found naturally i...

Apr 23 2014 Electrolysis, or electrolytic refining, is a technique used for extraction, as well as purification, of metals obtained by any refining method. In the electro-refining process, a block of impure metal becomes the anode, and a thin sheet of metal becomes the cathode. Both the cathode and anode are dipped in an electrolytic cell containing an aqueous solution of the metal salt. Upon the application of electric current of a suitable voltage, pure metal is deposited at the cathode by the dissolution of impure metal at the anode. Related Stories • • • Given below are the electrolytic refining processes of some major minerals: • Gold - The electrolytic gold recovery process employs hydrochloric acid as an electrolyte, a thin sheet of gold with more than 99.5% purity as a cathode, and a gold alloy anode. Following the ion transfer, high purity gold is transferred onto the cathode. This process is known as the Wohlwill process. The Miller chlorination process is an economical refining process that separates gold of about 99.5% purity, which can then be electro-refined to improve purity to 99.999%. • Silver – The electrolytic silver refining process includes a crude silver anode and a refined silver cathode. The electrolytic process is similar to gold, except that the silver anodes are dissolved in a nitric acid bath. The resulting silver will be about 99.9% pure. • Copper – The extraction of copper from other ores through electrolysis involves the deposition of copper ...