In which climate conditions are citrus fruits cultivated

• • MLA 8TH EDITION • Proctor, J.t.a.. "Fruit Cultivation". The Canadian Encyclopedia, 21 October 2015, Historica Canada. www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/fruit-cultivation. Accessed 16 June 2023. • • • APA 6TH EDITION • Proctor, J. (2015). Fruit Cultivation. In The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/fruit-cultivation • • • CHICAGO 17TH EDITION • Proctor, J.t.a.. "Fruit Cultivation." The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada. Article published April 01, 2013; Last Edited October 21, 2015. • • • TURABIAN 8TH EDITION • The Canadian Encyclopedia, s.v. "Fruit Cultivation," by J.t.a. Proctor, Accessed June 16, 2023, https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/fruit-cultivation • Red apples in Annapolis Valley, Nova Scotia. Photo taken on: September 25, 2014 Fruit growing is an important part of Canada’s food industry. Growing is usually restricted to areas where winter temperatures do not go much below -20 ° C. For this reason, the majority of commercial fruit growing in Canada occurs in , and , while the remainder is mostly concentrated in and . Species Most of the fruit species cultivated in Canada belong to the Each fruit species has many cultivars (commercial varieties), developed for various characteristics. For example, in Canada adaptation to specific climatic factors (e.g., cold winters) is important. Breeding and selection programs give priority to these requirements, while programs have developed ma...

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“When you look at the diversity of citrus that you see in your neighborhood grocery, that is the result of thousands of years of human breeding, superimposed on millions of years of natural diversification,” Rokhsar tells The Verge. “It’s both a combination of human ingenuity and also natural diversity, and we need them both.” Taken together, those fruits’ genes reveal an exciting origin story that began in the same area where the fossil leaf was found. About 8 to 10 millions years ago, ancestral citrus forests grew at the foot of the Himalayas, but then something changed. Over a period of hundreds of thousands of years, the monsoons weakened, triggering a migration of plants and animals out of the area. “This must have been a dramatic change in climate and habitats,” Rokhsar says. The citrus trees rapidly spread to southeast Asia and from there, to the rest of the world, including to Australia about 4 million years ago. Out of this mass migration, over time, at least 10 ancestral citrus species emerged. The crossing of all these species in different parts of the world eventually gave rise to many of today’s fruits. For instance, today’s bitter orange, whose rind is used to make marmalade, is a mix of two ancestral species: wild mandarins, which are typically small, sour, and easy to peel, and wild Pomelo, which are large and have extremely thick rinds. Whether this mix happened naturally or by the hand of some skilled farmers likely thousands of years ago isn’t known, Rok...

Open Access is an initiative that aims to make scientific research freely available to all. To date our community has made over 100 million downloads. It’s based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression. As PhD students, we found it difficult to access the research we needed, so we decided to create a new Open Access publisher that levels the playing field for scientists across the world. How? By making research easy to access, and puts the academic needs of the researchers before the business interests of publishers. We are a community of more than 103,000 authors and editors from 3,291 institutions spanning 160 countries, including Nobel Prize winners and some of the world’s most-cited researchers. Publishing on IntechOpen allows authors to earn citations and find new collaborators, meaning more people see your work not only from your own field of study, but from other related fields too. Climate change is the change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns that lasts for an extended period. Climate change and agriculture are interrelated processes and affect in many ways. Citrus fruits are one of the largest fruit crops in the world. Yield loss at a drastic level due to abiotic stress annually in which temperature and water stress are the main environmental factors. These factors cause biochemical, anatomical, physiological, and genetic changes in plant structure and lead to defective growth, develo...