Inhalation and exhalation

1 An Introduction to the Human Body • Introduction • 1.1 Overview of Anatomy and Physiology • 1.2 Structural Organization of the Human Body • 1.3 Functions of Human Life • 1.4 Requirements for Human Life • 1.5 Homeostasis • 1.6 Anatomical Terminology • 1.7 Medical Imaging • Key Terms • Chapter Review • Interactive Link Questions • Review Questions • Critical Thinking Questions • 2 The Chemical Level of Organization • Introduction • 2.1 Elements and Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter • 2.2 Chemical Bonds • 2.3 Chemical Reactions • 2.4 Inorganic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning • 2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning • Key Terms • Chapter Review • Interactive Link Questions • Review Questions • Critical Thinking Questions • 3 The Cellular Level of Organization • Introduction • 3.1 The Cell Membrane • 3.2 The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles • 3.3 The Nucleus and DNA Replication • 3.4 Protein Synthesis • 3.5 Cell Growth and Division • 3.6 Cellular Differentiation • Key Terms • Chapter Review • Interactive Link Questions • Review Questions • Critical Thinking Questions • 4 The Tissue Level of Organization • Introduction • 4.1 Types of Tissues • 4.2 Epithelial Tissue • 4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects • 4.4 Muscle Tissue and Motion • 4.5 Nervous Tissue Mediates Perception and Response • 4.6 Tissue Injury and Aging • Key Terms • Chapter Review • Interactive Link Questions • Review Questions • Critical Thinking Questions • 5 The Integumentary ...

Explore the mechanics of the lungs and rib and diaphragm muscles involved in human respiration Alveolar pressure fluctuations are caused by expansion and contraction of the lungs resulting from tensing and relaxing of the muscles of the chest and The lung–chest system The forces that normally cause changes in volume of the chest and lungs stem not only from muscle contraction but from the pleural pressure becomes more negative) as the lung is stretched and its volume increases during inspiration. The force also increases in proportion to the rapidity with which air is drawn into the lung and decreases in proportion to the force with which air is expelled from the lungs. In summary, the pleural pressure reflects primarily two forces: (1) the force required to keep the lung inflated against its elastic recoil and (2) the force required to cause airflow in and out of the lung. Because the pleural pressure is below atmospheric pressure, air is sucked into the chest and the lung collapses ( The force required to maintain inflation of the lung and to cause airflow is provided by the chest and The role of The respiratory muscles displace the Contraction of the At total relaxation of the muscles of inspiration and expiration, the lung is distended to a volume—called the functional The membranes of the surface of the lung (

Main article: The Intercostal muscles [ ] Along with the diaphragm, the intercostal muscles are one of the most important groups of respiratory muscles. These muscles are attached between the ribs and are important in manipulating the width of the rib cage. There are three layers of intercostal muscles. The Accessory muscles of respiration [ ] Accessory muscles of respiration are muscles that assist, but do not play a primary role, in breathing. Use of these while at rest is often interpreted as a sign of Apart from the above neck muscles, the following muscles have also been observed contributing to respiration: Muscles of exhalation [ ] During quiet breathing, there is little or no muscle contraction involved in exhalation; this process is simply driven by the The References [ ] • ^ a b c Ratnovsky, Anat (2008). "Mechanics of respiratory muscles". Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology. 163 (1–3): 82–89. • ^ a b Kim E. Barrett; Susan M. Barman; Scott Boitano; Heddwen Brooks (24 July 2009). "35. Pulmonary Function". Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology, 23rd Edition. McGraw-Hill Companies,Incorporated. 978-0-07-160567-0. • Bass, Pat. University of Rochester Medical Center . Retrieved 11 May 2015. • Netter FH. Atlas of Human Anatomy 3rd ed. Icon Learning Systems. Teterboro, New Jersey 2003 - plate 191 • ^ a b Raper, A. J., Thompson, W. T., Shapiro, W., & Patterson, J. L. (1966). Scalene and sternomastoid muscle function. Journal of Applied Physiology, 21, 497-502. • Camp...

\( \newcommand\) • • • • • • • The respiratory system include lungs, airways and respiratory muscles. Ventilation is the rate at which gas enters or leaves the lung. Key Points • Ventilation occurs under the control of the autonomic nervous system from parts of the brain stem—the medulla oblongata and the pons —that together form the respiration regulatory center. • The three types of ventilation are minute ventilation, alevolar ventilation, and dead space ventilation. • Inhalation is initiated by the diaphragm and supported by the external intercostal muscles. Additional accessory muscles include sternocleidomastoid, platysma, the scalene muscles of the neck, pectoral muscles, and the latissimus dorsi. • When the diaphragm contracts, the ribcage expands and the contents of the abdomen are moved downward, resulting in a larger thoracic volume and negative pressure (with respect to atmospheric pressure) inside the chest. • Exhalation is generally a passive process since the lungs have a natural elasticity; they recoil from the stretch of inhalation and air flows back out until the pressures in the chest and the atmosphere reach equilibrium. • Gas exchange occurs at the alveoli, the tiny sacs that are the basic functional component of the lungs. The alveoli are interwoven with capillaries that connect to the larger bloodstream. Key Terms • elastic recoil: The lungs’ rebound from the stretch of inhalation that passively removes air from the lungs during exhalation. • Dead spa...

Share on Pinterest FG Trade/Getty Images An individual’s respiratory system comprises many parts, including: • the lungs • the airways, such as the trachea and bronchial tubes • blood vessels and muscles • the ribs • the diaphragm When a person breathes, these parts work together to provide the body with oxygen. During breathing, an individual’s lungs can make a variety of sounds. And while certain lung sounds are typical and indicate that the lungs are working correctly, other lung sounds can indicate an underlying health condition. This article will explore the different lung sounds and what may be causing them. It also discusses potential treatment options and when to speak with a doctor. When a doctor listens to a person’s lungs, they note the frequency, intensity, and quality of the sounds they hear. These factors can help them determine whether the sounds from the lungs are regular or not. Breath sounds can differ depending on where they occur in the respiratory system. Healthcare professionals classify them in the • Normal lung or vesicular breath sound: A doctor can hear this sound over most of the chest with a stethoscope, a device for listening to a person’s internal body sounds. Vesicular breath sounds occur when air flows into and out of the lungs during breathing. The sound is soft, low pitched, and rustling in quality. It is also continuous, more intense, and high pitched during inhalation than exhalation. • Bronchial breath sound: The bronchial breath sound ...