Instruction codes in computer architecture

Computer Organization and Architecture is used to design computer systems. Computer Architecture is considered to be those attributes of a system that are visible to the user like addressing techniques, instruction sets, and bits used for data, and have a direct impact on the logic execution of a program, It defines the system in an abstract manner, It deals with What does the system do. Whereas, Computer Organization is the way in which a system has to structure and It is operational units and the interconnections between them that achieve the architectural specifications, It is the realization of the abstract model, and It deals with How to implement the system.

Computer is an electronic machine that makes performing any task very easy. Computer system has five basic units that help the computer to perform operations, which are given below: • Input Unit • Output Unit • Storage Unit • Arithmetic Logic Unit • Control Unit In this tutorial we will learn about Architecture of Computer System, Logic Gates, Registers, RAM, ROM, Pipelining, Vector/Superscaling, I/O Organization, I/O Processing, Interrupts, etc.

The objectives of this module is to understand the importance of the instruction set architecture, discuss the features that need to be considered when designing the instruction set architecture of a machine and look at an example ISA, MIPS. We’ve already seen that the computer architecture course consists of two components – the instruction set architecture and the computer organization itself. The ISA specifies what the processor is capable of doing and the ISA, how it gets accomplished. So the instruction set architecture is basically the interface between your hardware and the software. The only way that you can interact with the hardware is the instruction set of the processor. To command the computer, you need to speak its language and the instructions are the words of a computer’s language and the instruction set is basically its vocabulary. Unless you know the vocabulary and you have a very good vocabulary, you cannot gain good benefits out of the machine. ISA is the portion of the machine which is visible to either the assembly language programmer or a compiler writer or an application programmer. It is the only interface that you have, because the instruction set architecture is the specification of what the computer can do and the machine has to be fabricated in such a way that it will execute whatever has been specified in your ISA. The only way that you can talk to your machine is through the ISA. This gives you an idea of the interface between the hardware an...