Kranz anatomy can be seen in

What is Kranz Anatomy? In the majority of plants, including rice, CO 2 is first fixed into a compound with three carbons (C 3) by the photosynthetic enzyme ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (Rubisco) – this is known as C 3 photosynthesis. Rubisco is inherently inefficient because it can also catalyze a reaction with oxygen, giving a wasteful process known as photorespiration (rather than photosynthesis). To overcome this inefficiency, the C 4 pathway initially fixes atmospheric CO 2 into C 4 acids using the enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase that is insensitive to O 2. CO 2 is then released from the C 4 acids for re-fixation by Rubisco. In most C 4 plants these two stages of the C 4 pathway are spatially separated in morphologically distinct photosynthetic cell-types, allowing a high concentration of CO 2 to accumulate in the vicinity of Rubisco, and greater photosynthetic efficiency. In C 4 grasses such as maize and some C 4 dicots, enlarged bundle sheath (BS) cells surround the veins (V) and the BS cells are then surrounded by mesophyll (M) cells. Each pair of veins is thus separated by two BS and two M cells in a V-BS-M-M-BS-V pattern referred to as Kranz anatomy. The anatomy of C 3 plants is typically a V-BS-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-M-BS-V pattern, and the BS cells are smaller than in C 4 plants. A fully functional C 4 pathway therefore requires a coordinated change in tissue structure and metabolic biochemistry. During evolution, these changes have occurred more th...

C4 Plant In C4 plants the spatial separation of carboxylation and decarboxylation between two cell types involves only a temporal separation of seconds or tens of seconds. From: Encyclopedia of Biodiversity (Second Edition), 2001 Related terms: • Actin • Glycoprotein • Tissues • Photosynthesis • Protein Binding • Cell Membrane • C3 Plant • Chloroplast C 4 plants include many tropical grasses and are among the world's most important crop species (maize, sugar cane). Although small in terms of total number of flowering plant species (3%), they constitute ∼50% of the 10,000 grass species. Their productivity is high and C 4 grasses in savanna regions (15% of the Earth's vegetated surface) are responsible for ∼20% of global photosynthesis. C 4 plants have a distinctive leaf anatomy (Kranz anatomy), with chlorophyll-containing mesophyll and bundle-sheath cells, which form a gas-tight cylinder surrounding the vascular bundle. A CO 2 pump (the C 4 cycle) takes CO 2 from the mesophyll and transfers it into the bundle-sheath, which contains Rubisco and the enzymes of the Benson–Calvin cycle ( Figure 5). The process raises the concentration of CO 2 in the bundle-sheath, sufficient to saturate Rubisco with CO 2 and to eliminate photorespiration. Like all pumps, the C 4 cycle requires an input of energy in the form of ATP. Recently, two terrestrial plants have been shown to have single-celled C 4 photosynthesis. Figure 5. A simplified scheme for the mechanism of C 4 photosynthesis, sho...

Kranz anatomy is found in leaves of C 4 ​ plants. The C 4 ​ pathway requires the presence of two types of cells i.e. mesophyll cells and bundle sheath cells. The particularly large cells around the vascular bundles of C 4 ​ plants are called bundle sheath cells, these cells may form several layers around the vascular bundles, they are characterized by having a large number of chloroplasts, grana are absent, thick walls impervious to gaseous exchange and no extracellular spaces. This special anatomy of leaves of the C 4 ​ plants is called Kranz anatomy. 'Kranz' means wreath and is a reflection of the arrangement of cells. So, Kranz anatomy is not seen in tomato as it is not a C 4 ​ plant.