Lateral superior hypothalamus function

Prefer a Video? Sit Back, Relax, and Enjoy!! Save yourself time and studying by watching the above video full of animations, visuals, and tricks to remember everything discussed below! Don’t miss out on the other EZmed videos people are using to make medicine easy! Click below to check them out, and join to save time and help you study! Teach Me! Quickly learn this topic or a topic of your own with a personal online tutoring session! Eliminate any stress or confusion, and walk away fully understanding! You will receive high-yield information, visuals, study guides, and tricks to remember it all! Your session will not end until you fully understand the topic! Ventricles of the Brain - Intro We will discuss the ventricles of the brain along with their anatomy and function, as well as the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through those structures. By definition, the ventricles are cavities located within the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid. The ventricles function to produce, circulate, and reabsorb CSF throughout the brain and spinal cord of the central nervous system. The ventricular system comprises two lateral ventricles, one third ventricle, and one fourth ventricle that communicate with each other through the interventricular foramina and cerebral aqueduct. We will use labeled diagrams and lateral views of the brain to learn the anatomy, boundaries, and locations of each ventricle. We will also learn how cerebrospinal fluid is produced, and how it flows throughou...

The thalamic nuclei are the clusters of densely packed neuronal cell bodies that comprise the Each side of the thalamus contains six groups of nuclei; • Anterior nuclei of thalamus • Lateral nuclei of thalamus • Medial nuclei of thalamus • Intralaminar nuclei of thalamus • Paraventricular (midline) nuclei of thalamus • Reticular nucleus of thalamus The thalamic nuclei relay and modulate information incoming from the periphery to the gateway” to the cerebral cortex for limbic, motor, and all sensory modalities besides olfaction, including vision, hearing, taste, and somatic sensation. Key facts about the thalamic nuclei Functions Relaying limbic, sensory and motor signals to the cerebral cortex, Regulating consciousness, sleep, alertness Anterior nuclei of thalamus Anteroventral, anterodorsal, anteromedial nuclei Lateral nuclei of thalamus Medial and lateral geniculate nuclei, dorsal group (lateral dorsal, lateral posterior, pulvinar), ventral group (ventral anterior, ventral lateral, ventral posterior) Medial nuclei of thalamus Dorsomedial nucleus (parvocellular, magnocellular parts) Intralaminar nuclei of thalamus Anterior group: Central medial, paracentral, central lateral nuclei Posterior group: Centromedian, parafascicular nuclei Periventricular nuclei of thalamus Rhomboid, reuniens, parataenial nuclei Synonyms: Dorsal thalamus, Thalamencephalon , The thalamus is an egg shaped, bilateral, symmetrical mass of grey matter which forms a major part of the Each side of th...

Paul Johns BSc BM MSc FRCPath, in Clinical Neuroscience, 2014 Thalamus The thalami are a pair of large, egg-shaped masses of grey matter at the centre of the brain (Greek: thalamos, inner chamber). On a midsagittal section the medial aspect of the thalamus can be seen in the side wall of the third ventricle. Thalamic nuclei Almost all ascending pathways synapse in a thalamic nucleus in order to reach the cerebral cortex. The thalamus is therefore described as the ‘gateway’ to the cortex. It is composed of more than a dozen nuclei, separated into anterior, medial and lateral groups by a Y-shaped internal medullary lamina. This thin sheet of white matter contains a few small intralaminar nuclei which are involved in arousal, wakefulness and pain (see Ch. 4 ). The lateral nuclear group of the thalamus has dorsal and ventral tiers. The ventral tier contains specific nuclei, which project to discrete cortical zones such as the primary sensory and motor areas. The non-specific nuclei form diffuse, reciprocal connections with large regions of the cortex. Pineal gland The pineal gland is above and behind the thalamus in the roof of the third ventricle. It secretes the sleep-inducing hormone melatonin when light levels are low (Greek: melas, black). This helps to control sleep–wake cycles and circadian rhythms (Latin: circa, about; dies, day). Melatonin release is influenced by a projection from the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus, which acts as a biological clock that ...