Losses in transformer

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• ICSE Solutions • ICSE Solutions for Class 10 • ICSE Solutions for Class 9 • ICSE Solutions for Class 8 • ICSE Solutions for Class 7 • ICSE Solutions for Class 6 • Selina Solutions • ML Aggarwal Solutions • ISC & ICSE Papers • ICSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10 • ISC Previous Year Question Papers • ICSE Specimen Paper 2021-2022 Class 10 Solved • ICSE Specimen Papers 2020 for Class 9 • ISC Specimen Papers 2020 for Class 12 • ISC Specimen Papers 2020 for Class 11 • ICSE Time Table 2020 Class 10 • ISC Time Table 2020 Class 12 • Maths • Merit Batch What are the Losses in a Transformer? Energy Losses in a Transformer: • In a real transformer, some energy is lost in the transformer. • The output power is less than the input power. Therefore the efficiency of the transformer is less than 100%. • There are four main causes for the loss of power in the transformer as illustrated in figure. Heating Effect in the Coils • The primary and secondary coils are made up of many turns of copper wire. A very long wire is required to make the coils. For example, about 200 m of wire is needed to make a coil of 1600 turns. • Although copper is a very good conductor, a wire of such length has a resistance of about 40 Ω. When a current flows in the coil, heat is generated and lost at a rate of I 2R. • This loss can be reduced by using thicker wire made of a good conductor like copper. However, thicker wires cost more and makes the transformer heavier. What is eddy current loss in a tran...

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These losses, also known as no-load losses, are present all the time the transformer is powered on – regardless of whether there is any load or not. Core losses are roughly constant from no-load to full-load when feeding linear loads. They represent a continuous cost, 24 hours/day, for the 25-year or more life of the transformer. Formulas in spreadsheet • HV Full load current = VA / (1.732 · Volt) • LV Full load current = VA / (1.732 · Volt) • HV Side I 2R losses = I²R · 1.5 • LV Side I²R losses = I²R · 0.5 · 3 • Total I² R lossses at Amb. temp = Hv losses + Lv losses • Total Stray losses at Amb. temp = Measured losses – I²R losses • I²R lossses at 75° C temp = ((225 + 75) · losses) / (225 + Amb. temp) . • Stray losses at 75° C temp=((225 + Amb. temp)(Stray losses at Amb. temp)) / 300 • Total Full load losses at 75° C = I²R losses at 75° C + Stray losses at 75° C • Total Impedance at amb. temp = (Imp. voltage · 1.732) / Full load current • Total Resistance at amb. temp = I²R losses / I² • Total Reactance (X) = SQRT (Impedance² – Resistance²) • Resistance at 75° C = (300 · resistance at amb ) / (225 + Amb. temp) • Impedance at 75° C = SQRT (R² at 75° C + X²) • Percentage Impedance = (Z at 75° C · I · 100)/V1 • Percentage Resistance = ( R 75° C · I · 100)/V1 • Percentage Reactance = (X · I · 100) / V • Regulation at Unity P.F. = (%R cosø + %Xsinø) • Regulation at 0.8 P.F. = (%R cosø + %Xsinø) + 1/200(%R sinø – %Xcosø) 2 Efficiency at Unity P.F • At 125 % of Transformer Loadi...