Menstrual cycle

The day count for menstrual cycle begins on the first day of menstruation when blood starts to come out of the vagina. In this section, the length of menstrual cycle has been assumed to be 28 days (which is the average among women). The entire duration of a Menstrual cycle can be divided into four main phases: • Menstrual phase (From day 1 to 5) • Follicular phase (From day 1 to 13) • Ovulation phase (Day 14) • Luteal phase (From day 15 to 28) Menstrual phase (day 1-5) Menstrual phase begins on the first day of menstruation and lasts till the 5th day of the menstrual cycle. The following events occur during this phase: • The uterus sheds its inner lining of soft tissue and blood vessels which exits the body from the vagina in the form of menstrual fluid. • Blood loss of 10 ml to 80 ml is considered normal. • You may experience abdominal cramps. These cramps are caused by the contraction of the uterine and the abdominal muscles to expel the menstrual fluid. Follicular phase (day 1-13) This phase also begins on the first day of menstruation, but it lasts till the 13th day of the menstrual cycle. The following events occur during this phase: • The pituitary gland secretes a hormone that stimulates the egg cells in the ovaries to grow. • One of these egg cells begins to mature in a sac-like-structure called follicle. It takes 13 days for the egg cell to reach maturity. • While the egg cell matures, its follicle secretes a hormone that stimulates the uterus to develop a lining ...

\( \newcommand\) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Taboo Topic The banner in Figure \(\PageIndex\): Water for People Uganda celebration of Menstrual Hygiene Day in 2014 What Is the Menstrual Cycle? The menstrual cycle refers to natural changes that occur in the female reproductive system each month during the reproductive years. The cycle is necessary for the production of eggs and the preparation of the uterus for pregnancy. It involves changes in both the ovaries and the uterus and is controlled by pituitary and ovarian hormones. Day 1 of the cycle is the first day of the menstrual period , when bleeding from the uterus begins as the built-up endometrium lining the uterus is shed. The endometrium builds up again during the remainder of the cycle, only to be shed again during the beginning of the next cycle if pregnancy does not occur. In the ovaries, the menstrual cycle includes the development of a follicle, ovulation of a secondary oocyte, and the degeneration of the follicle if pregnancy does not occur. Both uterine and ovarian changes during the menstrual cycle are generally divided into three phases, although the phases are not the same in the two organs. Menarche and Menopause The female reproductive years are delineated by the start and stop of the menstrual cycle. The first menstrual period usually occurs around 12 or 13 years of age, an event that is known as menarche. There is considerable variation among individuals in the age of menarche. It may occasionally oc...

A period (menstruation) is normal vaginal bleeding that is a natural part of a healthy monthly cycle for a person with a uterus and ovaries. Every month, in the years between If pregnancy doesn’t occur, estrogen and progesterone levels fall, eventually hitting a level that tells your body to begin menstruation. During your period, the uterus sheds its lining and it’s passed, along with some blood, out of the body through the vagina. The average person who menstruates loses about The time between periods (last day to first day) typically averages 28 days, with bleeding typically lasting around 4 to 5 days. However, people can experience longer time between periods, and fewer or more days of bleeding, and still have totally “regular” periods. As a woman, your period is your body’s way of releasing tissue that it no longer needs. Every month, your body prepares for pregnancy. The lining of your uterus gets thicker as preparation for nurturing a fertilized egg. An egg is released and is ready to be fertilized and settle in the lining of your uterus. If the egg is not fertilized, your body no longer needs the thicker lining of the uterus, so it starts to break down and is eventually expelled, along with some blood, from your vagina. This is your period, and once it’s over, the process starts all over again. The way that women experience their periods varies widely. It’s important that you communicate with your healthcare provider if you have concerns about: • Cycle regularity. ...

Did you know there are several phases of the menstrual cycle and a whole lot more going on than just your period? That's right. There is a symphony of hormones playing throughout your cycle, which can explain why we feel different throughout the month. In medicine, there are three phases of the menstrual cycle: the follicular phase, the ovulatory phase, and the luteal phase. You may have heard that menstruation or your period is its own phase, but this isn't totally accurate when we’re talking about hormone physiology and ovarian function. There is nothing wrong with talking about your cycle as four distinct phases. In this article, I’m going to walk you through a natural menstrual cycle (i.e. a normal cycle that isn’t manipulated by hormonal birth control) and further information on In chapter 2 of my book What Are the Three Phases of the Menstrual Cycle? The 3 phases of the menstrual cycle include (in this order): • Follicular Phase • Ovulatory Phase • Luteal Phase Let’s break it down a bit more and give you some definitions. Detailed Phases of the Menstrual Cycle • Menstruation. During menstruation, your body sheds the endometrial lining and estrogen and progesterone are at their lowest point. This is your period, the most noticeable phase in your menstrual cycle because you’re bleeding. • Proliferative Phase. When your period ends and you begin to rebuild the uterine lining. • Follicular Phase. First day of your period until ovulation. Estrogen and FSH rise in preparat...

The average person’s menstrual cycle is between 28–32 days. Some people have shorter cycles, while others have much longer ones. The first day of a person’s period is considered the first day of their menstrual cycle. Their period then typically lasts 3–7 days. Variations in the menstrual cycle usually happen in the follicular phase that occurs before ovulation. The luteal phase, which occurs from ovulation to the next period, is typically Ovulation occurs when one of the ovaries releases an egg. After release, the egg moves to the fallopian tube, where it will travel to the uterus, which takes about 24 hours. Pregnancy occurs if sperm travels to the fallopian tube and fertilizes the egg. If sperm does not fertilize the egg, the egg moves to the uterus and breaks down, ready to leave the body during the next menstrual period. Calculating ovulation According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, ovulation occurs around Most people ovulate between days 11–21 of their cycle. The first day of their last menstrual period (LMP) is day 1 of the cycle. Ovulation does not always occur on the same day every month and can vary by a day or more on either side of the expected date. Doctors call the part of the cycle around ovulation the fertile window because the chance of pregnancy is highest at this time. For example, if ovulation occurs on day 14, a person can conceive on that day or within the following 24 hours. However, their fertile window begins a few days...

• "Medical Physiology" Elsevier (2016) • "Physiology" Elsevier (2017) • "Human Anatomy & Physiology" Pearson (2018) • "The Length and Variability of the Human Menstrual Cycle" JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association (1968) • "The interactive effects of estrogen and progesterone on changes in emotional eating across the menstrual cycle." Journal of Abnormal Psychology (2013) • "Side of ovulation and cycle characteristics in normally fertile women" Human Reproduction (2000) • "Converse Regulatory Functions of Estrogen Receptor-α and -β Subtypes Expressed in Hypothalamic Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons" Molecular Endocrinology (2008) • "Principles of Anatomy and Physiology" Wiley (2014) Sitemap USMLE® is a joint program of the Federation of State Medical Boards (FSMB) and the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME). COMLEX-USA® is a registered trademark of The National Board of Osteopathic Medical Examiners, Inc. NCLEX-RN® is a registered trademark of the National Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc. Test names and other trademarks are the property of the respective trademark holders. None of the trademark holders are endorsed by nor affiliated with Osmosis or this website.

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Female Reproductive Organs What is menstruation? Menstruation is the monthly shedding of the lining of your uterus. Menstruation is also known by the terms menses, menstrual period, menstrual cycle or period. Menstrual blood — which is partly blood and partly tissue from the inside of your Menstruation is driven by hormones. Hormones are chemical messengers in your body. Your These hormones cause the lining of your uterus to thicken. This happens so that if a pregnancy would occur, an egg can implant into your uterine lining. Hormones also cause your ovaries to release an egg (ovulation). The egg moves down your What is a menstrual cycle? The menstrual cycle is a term to describe the sequence of events that occur in your body as it prepares for the possibility of pregnancy each month. Your menstrual cycle is the time from the first day of your menstrual period until the first day of your next menstrual period. Every person’s cycle is slightly different, but the process is the same. How long is a normal menstrual cycle? The average length of a menstrual cycle is 28 days. However, a cycle can range in length from 21 days to about 35 days and still be normal. How many days between periods is normal? The days between periods is your menstrual cycle length. The average menstrual cycle lasts 28 days. However, cycles lasting as little as 21 days or as long as 35 days can be normal. How long does a normal period last? Most people have their period (bleed) for between three and sev...