Mithun animal

Mithun: An Animal of Indian Pride Citation of this paper Mithun: An Animal of Indian Pride Mohan Mondal, K K Baruah* and C Rajkhowa* National Dairy Research Institute, Eastern Regional Station, A-12 Block, Kalyani, West Bengal-741 235, India * National Research Centre on Mithun, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Jharnapani, Medziphema, Nagaland-797 106, India Abstract Mithun, also known as ‘Cattle of Mountain” is an important bovine species of north-eastern hill region of India and also of China, Myanmar, Bhutan and Bangladesh. This magnificent massive bovine is presently reared under free-range condition in the hill forests at an altitude of 1000 to 3000 m above mean sea level. Mithun plays an important role in the socio-economic and cultural life of the local tribal population. Presently, this animal is mainly reared for meat, which is considered to be more tender and superior over the meat of any other species. Mithun milk, though produced less in quantity, is of high quality and can be used for preparation of various milk products. Leather obtained from this species has been found to be superior to cattle. With the dwindling population of Mithun over the years and gradual denudation of free range area along with the biotic and abiotic stress, there is urgent need of scientific intervention for proper management as well as conservation of this beautiful hill animal through implementing an effective conservation program. Key words: conservation, meat, milk, propag...

Open Access is an initiative that aims to make scientific research freely available to all. To date our community has made over 100 million downloads. It’s based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression. As PhD students, we found it difficult to access the research we needed, so we decided to create a new Open Access publisher that levels the playing field for scientists across the world. How? By making research easy to access, and puts the academic needs of the researchers before the business interests of publishers. We are a community of more than 103,000 authors and editors from 3,291 institutions spanning 160 countries, including Nobel Prize winners and some of the world’s most-cited researchers. Publishing on IntechOpen allows authors to earn citations and find new collaborators, meaning more people see your work not only from your own field of study, but from other related fields too. Mithun is a domesticated beef bovine species in Himalayan foothills of Southeast Asia. It inhabits at an altitude from 300 to 3000 m MSL, often under extensive grazing system. Mithun is a very fertile animal, able to produce one calf/year. Mithun can interbreed with other bovine species, but male offspring are sterile. This chapter intent is to gather and discuss available information on several aspects of reproduction in female Mithun. The morphology of the reproductive organs is different from cattle and has a longer reprodu...

With time, as economic and livelihood demands grew, more and more forest land has been pressed into jhum cultivation, which paved the way for a flourishing, illegal timber trade. As much as 90,000 hectares of land in Nagaland is under jhum cultivation and some 392,000 tonnes of timber is removed from the state every year, according to a 2012 report by the Wildlife Conservation Society India, National Centre for Biological Sciences and Nagaland Forest Department. A part of the Indo-Malayan region and a global biodiversity hotspot, Nagaland has a geographical area of 16,527 sq. km, of which 30% is under forest cover. But unregulated and widespread jhum farming has taken its toll on the environment, and deforestation led to acute water shortages and frequent landslides. Farmers of Thetsumi, home to the Chakhesang Naga tribe, then turned to rearing the Mithun, a domesticated form of wild gaur or Indian bison, the largest bovine on the planet. Mithun, the state’s emblem, weighs around 1,000kg and has an average body length of eight to 10 ft. The animals, found in the hills of Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur and Mizoram, are known as the cattle of the mountains and need a habitat of evergreen forest to thrive. Mithun has a ceremonial place in the economic, social and cultural life of various indigenous Naga tribes. According to folklore shared by Thetsumi village elders, Mithun and man shared the same womb and so cherish each other. Unlike herds of other animals, so goes th...

MITHUNS SACRIFICED TO GREED The Forest Ox of Burma's Chins Project Maje, February 2004 Introduction This report is a brief summary of information about the mithun, a type of domesticated bovine found in the Himalayan foothills of South/Southeast Asia, particularly addressing its situation in the Chin State of Burma. The spelling "mithun" (accurate in terms of pronunciation) is used here for the bovine species Bos frontalis, although "mithan" is also a common spelling, and "mythun" is another spelling in use. This name probably came from Assamese dialects. The Chin people, one of the Zo ethnic groups, who live in western Burma, call these animals "sia." Mithuns are also known as "gayals" in India. This report is by no means a comprehensive or scientific document on mithuns. It is inspired by accounts of mithun confiscation and commercialization of mithun raising in the Chin State. It is intended as an alert about the present situation of this particular mammal in this particular area. Under Burma's military dictatorship, the Chin people have been subjected to numerous human rights violations, including religious persecution. Most Chins are Christians, with Animist traditions. Their relationship to the mithun has strong elements of remaining Animist culture. The Chins' mountain forest environment has been in jeopardy in recent years, as Burma's military regime carries out logging and unsustainable harvest of forest products, and promotes plantation agriculture. What is a Mit...

India, officially the Republic of India is a country in South Asia. It is made up of 28 states and 8 union territories. All Indian states have their own government and the Union territories come under the jurisdiction of the Central Government. As most of the other countries India too has a national emblem—the Apart from India's national emblem, each of its States and Union Territories have their own state seals and symbols which include state animals, birds, trees, flowers etc. State's [ ] State Common name Image Notes NT EN VU The state hosts majority (~2000) of Indian rhinos living in the Sub-continent (~2500) Bos gaurus VU EN VU EN Lives exclusively in NT Uncia uncia or Panthera uncia VU EN EN Karnataka has the largest number of elephants in India EN Elephants are an integral part of Kerala's culture. See VU LC EN VU NT VU Rusa unicolor VU NT Gazella bennettii LC EN EN LC EN VU EN VU Union territories [ ] Union territory Common name Image IUCN Category Notes VU strictly herbivore aquatic animal hence also known as Sea Cow Herpestes edwardsi LC Not yet designated LC CR Found in Uncia uncia or Panthera uncia VU NT LC See also [ ] • • • • • • • • • • References [ ]

With time, as economic and livelihood demands grew, more and more forest land has been pressed into jhum cultivation, which paved the way for a flourishing, illegal timber trade. As much as 90,000 hectares of land in Nagaland is under jhum cultivation and some 392,000 tonnes of timber is removed from the state every year, according to a 2012 report by the Wildlife Conservation Society India, National Centre for Biological Sciences and Nagaland Forest Department. A part of the Indo-Malayan region and a global biodiversity hotspot, Nagaland has a geographical area of 16,527 sq. km, of which 30% is under forest cover. But unregulated and widespread jhum farming has taken its toll on the environment, and deforestation led to acute water shortages and frequent landslides. Farmers of Thetsumi, home to the Chakhesang Naga tribe, then turned to rearing the Mithun, a domesticated form of wild gaur or Indian bison, the largest bovine on the planet. Mithun, the state’s emblem, weighs around 1,000kg and has an average body length of eight to 10 ft. The animals, found in the hills of Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur and Mizoram, are known as the cattle of the mountains and need a habitat of evergreen forest to thrive. Mithun has a ceremonial place in the economic, social and cultural life of various indigenous Naga tribes. According to folklore shared by Thetsumi village elders, Mithun and man shared the same womb and so cherish each other. Unlike herds of other animals, so goes th...

India, officially the Republic of India is a country in South Asia. It is made up of 28 states and 8 union territories. All Indian states have their own government and the Union territories come under the jurisdiction of the Central Government. As most of the other countries India too has a national emblem—the Apart from India's national emblem, each of its States and Union Territories have their own state seals and symbols which include state animals, birds, trees, flowers etc. State's [ ] State Common name Image Notes NT EN VU The state hosts majority (~2000) of Indian rhinos living in the Sub-continent (~2500) Bos gaurus VU EN VU EN Lives exclusively in NT Uncia uncia or Panthera uncia VU EN EN Karnataka has the largest number of elephants in India EN Elephants are an integral part of Kerala's culture. See VU LC EN VU NT VU Rusa unicolor VU NT Gazella bennettii LC EN EN LC EN VU EN VU Union territories [ ] Union territory Common name Image IUCN Category Notes VU strictly herbivore aquatic animal hence also known as Sea Cow Herpestes edwardsi LC Not yet designated LC CR Found in Uncia uncia or Panthera uncia VU NT LC See also [ ] • • • • • • • • • • References [ ]

Open Access is an initiative that aims to make scientific research freely available to all. To date our community has made over 100 million downloads. It’s based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression. As PhD students, we found it difficult to access the research we needed, so we decided to create a new Open Access publisher that levels the playing field for scientists across the world. How? By making research easy to access, and puts the academic needs of the researchers before the business interests of publishers. We are a community of more than 103,000 authors and editors from 3,291 institutions spanning 160 countries, including Nobel Prize winners and some of the world’s most-cited researchers. Publishing on IntechOpen allows authors to earn citations and find new collaborators, meaning more people see your work not only from your own field of study, but from other related fields too. Mithun is a domesticated beef bovine species in Himalayan foothills of Southeast Asia. It inhabits at an altitude from 300 to 3000 m MSL, often under extensive grazing system. Mithun is a very fertile animal, able to produce one calf/year. Mithun can interbreed with other bovine species, but male offspring are sterile. This chapter intent is to gather and discuss available information on several aspects of reproduction in female Mithun. The morphology of the reproductive organs is different from cattle and has a longer reprodu...

Mithun: An Animal of Indian Pride Citation of this paper Mithun: An Animal of Indian Pride Mohan Mondal, K K Baruah* and C Rajkhowa* National Dairy Research Institute, Eastern Regional Station, A-12 Block, Kalyani, West Bengal-741 235, India * National Research Centre on Mithun, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Jharnapani, Medziphema, Nagaland-797 106, India Abstract Mithun, also known as ‘Cattle of Mountain” is an important bovine species of north-eastern hill region of India and also of China, Myanmar, Bhutan and Bangladesh. This magnificent massive bovine is presently reared under free-range condition in the hill forests at an altitude of 1000 to 3000 m above mean sea level. Mithun plays an important role in the socio-economic and cultural life of the local tribal population. Presently, this animal is mainly reared for meat, which is considered to be more tender and superior over the meat of any other species. Mithun milk, though produced less in quantity, is of high quality and can be used for preparation of various milk products. Leather obtained from this species has been found to be superior to cattle. With the dwindling population of Mithun over the years and gradual denudation of free range area along with the biotic and abiotic stress, there is urgent need of scientific intervention for proper management as well as conservation of this beautiful hill animal through implementing an effective conservation program. Key words: conservation, meat, milk, propag...

MITHUNS SACRIFICED TO GREED The Forest Ox of Burma's Chins Project Maje, February 2004 Introduction This report is a brief summary of information about the mithun, a type of domesticated bovine found in the Himalayan foothills of South/Southeast Asia, particularly addressing its situation in the Chin State of Burma. The spelling "mithun" (accurate in terms of pronunciation) is used here for the bovine species Bos frontalis, although "mithan" is also a common spelling, and "mythun" is another spelling in use. This name probably came from Assamese dialects. The Chin people, one of the Zo ethnic groups, who live in western Burma, call these animals "sia." Mithuns are also known as "gayals" in India. This report is by no means a comprehensive or scientific document on mithuns. It is inspired by accounts of mithun confiscation and commercialization of mithun raising in the Chin State. It is intended as an alert about the present situation of this particular mammal in this particular area. Under Burma's military dictatorship, the Chin people have been subjected to numerous human rights violations, including religious persecution. Most Chins are Christians, with Animist traditions. Their relationship to the mithun has strong elements of remaining Animist culture. The Chins' mountain forest environment has been in jeopardy in recent years, as Burma's military regime carries out logging and unsustainable harvest of forest products, and promotes plantation agriculture. What is a Mit...