Montreal protocol

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• العربية • Azərbaycanca • বাংলা • भोजपुरी • Bosanski • Català • Čeština • Cymraeg • Dansk • Deutsch • Eesti • Español • Euskara • فارسی • Français • 한국어 • हिन्दी • Hrvatski • Igbo • Bahasa Indonesia • Italiano • עברית • ქართული • Latina • Lietuvių • Magyar • Nederlands • 日本語 • Norsk bokmål • Polski • Português • Română • Русский • Slovenščina • Suomi • Svenska • ไทย • Українська • Tiếng Việt • 中文 This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. ( September 2022) Montreal Protocol The Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer Signed 16 September 1987 Location Effective 1 January 1989 if 11 states have ratified by then. Condition Ratification by 20 states Signatories 46 Ratifiers 198 (all United Nations members, as well as the Depositary Languages Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish. The Montreal Protocol is an international The two ozone treaties have been ratified by 198 parties (197 states and the These truly universal treaties have also been remarkable in the expedience of the policy-making process at the global scale, where only 14 years lapsed between a basic scientific research discovery (1973) and the international agreement signed (1985 and 1987). Terms and purposes [ ] The treaty 2O) For a table of ozone-depleting substances controlled by the Montreal Protocol see: For each group of ODSs, the treaty provides a timetable on which the production of those s...

But the group also warned of the unintended impacts on the ozone layer of new technologies such as geoengineering. In a The Montreal Protocol was The overall phase-down has led to the notable recovery of the protective ozone layer in the upper stratosphere and decreased human exposure to harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun. “The impact the Montreal Protocol has had on climate change mitigation cannot be overstressed,” said Meg Seki, Executive Secretary of the UN Environment Programme’s ( “Over the last 35 years, the Protocol has become a true champion for the environment. The assessments and reviews undertaken by the Scientific Assessment Panel remain a vital component of the work of the Protocol that helps inform policy and decision-makers.” In a tweet on Tuesday, the UN Secretary-General António Guterres said that the restoration of the ozone layer was "an encouraging example of what the world can achieve when we work together". Ozone recovery January 9, 2023 The discovery of a hole in the Ozone Layer was first announced by three scientists from the British Antarctic Survey, in May 1985. According to the Panel’s report, if current policies remain in place, the layer is expected to recover to 1980 values by 2040. Over the Antarctic, this recovery is expected by around 2066, and by 2045 over the Arctic. Variations in the size of the Antarctic ozone hole, particularly between 2019 and 2021, were driven largely by meteorological conditions. Nevertheless, the Antarctic...

The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer is considered the world’s most successful international environmental treaty. Under the Protocol, nations phased out chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) – a class of compounds that were used mostly in aerosol sprays, refrigerants, foams and as solvents, and were damaging the protective ozone layer that shields the planet from harmful ultraviolet radiation. Recent evidence shows that the ozone hole over Antarctica is beginning to repair itself because of efforts under the Protocol to reduce ozone-depleting substances. Because ozone-depleting substances and many of their substitutes are also potent greenhouse gases, their phase-out under the Montreal Protocol is critical to international efforts to address climate change. Following nearly a decade of talks, a landmark agreement was reached October 15, 2016, at the 28 th Meeting of the Parties of the Montreal Protocol in Kigali, Rwanda, to phase down hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), CFC substitutes that, while not harmful to the ozone layer, are a fast-growing source of potent greenhouse gases contributing to climate change. On January 1, 2019, the Kigali Amendment entered into force. The United States Senate ratified the Kigali Amendment on Sept. 21, 2022. The amendment has now been HFCs are widely used in refrigeration and air conditioning, foam blowing, and other applications. Though they now account for less than 1 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions, HFCs are extre...

The Montreal Protocol didn’t just preserve the ozone layer, it helped save Earth from a climate change time bomb. The landmark ozone treaty was agreed 35 years ago this month, at a time when both climate and ozone science was far less developed than it is today. Yet every nation signed on, accepting binding commitments to reduce the production, consumption and emissions of chemicals responsible for thinning the ozone layer that guards the planet from the sun’s most damaging radiation. The same set of chemicals happened also to be immensely powerful greenhouse gases, and cutting them bought the world valuable time to deal with the climate crisis. “If we let the [chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)] keep growing, we would have had the impacts of climate change that we’re feeling now ... a decade ago,” said David Doniger, a lawyer with the Natural Resources Defense Council who has worked on the issue since the 1980s. “And things would be that much worse now.” The protocol’s status as a climate treaty was enhanced by the 2016 Kigali Amendment—named for the Rwandan capital where the deal was drafted—which targeted a class of coolants that weren’t ozone-depleting but were climate-forcing. Scientists say the global hydrofluorocarbon (HFCs) phasedown, which the U.S. is now poised to join after a key Senate vote Wednesday, has the potential to avoid half a degree Celsius of warming by 2100. Scientists, lawyers and others who have worked on the issue for decades say that long before internat...