Muhammad tughlaq kaun tha

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Tughlaqabad is considered to be the third extant city of Delhi, after Lal Kot (built in mid-eleventh century by the Tomars) and Siri (built by the second ruler of the Khalji Dynasty, Alauddin Khalji). The Tughlaq Dynasty that ruled a large part of India from Delhi enjoyed the prowess of three prominent rulers: Ghiasuddin Tughlaq, his son Muhammad bin Tughlaq, and his nephew Firoz Shah Tughlaq. The dynasty that stayed in power for almost a century (ad 1320–1412) constructed major areas on the southern outskirts of the capital, including the three cities, Tughlaqabad, Jahanpanah, and Firozabad, as well as other forts, tombs, and mosques. Ghiasuddin Tughlaq, the founder of the Tughlaq Dynasty was the slave of the last sultan of the Khalji Dynasty and had dreamt of raising a city from those days. Gaining power after the ruler’s death in ad1320, Ghiasuddin Tughlaq, during his short reign (ad1320–24), built Tughlaqabad, the second fortified city, spanning across nearly 6.5 km, over a period of only four years. Tughlaqabad, located along Mehrauli-Badarpur Road stands on a high outcrop of rock towards the south-eastern edge of Delhi. The fortified city is easily accessible from the nearby metro station, named after the city itself. Ghiasuddin’s city is distinctly divided into three parts: the wider city area, originally built along a rectangular grid towards north, the citadel, and the adjacent palace that once held the royal residences, towards south-west. The city area, with res...

Muḥammad ibn Tughluq , (born c. 1290, Delhi, India—died March 20, 1351, Sonda, Sindh), Second sultan (r. 1325–51) of the Tughluq dynasty, who briefly extended the rule of the Delhi sultanate of northern India over most of the subcontinent. He transferred the capital from Delhi to Deogir (now Daulatabad) in an attempt to consolidate his hold on southern India; the resultant migration of northerners to the south spread the Urdu language there. He tried to enlist the services of the ʿulamāʾ (Muslim clerics) but was rebuffed; his overtures to the Sufis met a similar fate. His agricultural innovations included crop rotation and state farms as well as improvements in irrigation. Though he desired to create a more equitable social order, his harshness undermined his authority: during his reign he contended with 22 rebellions. Related Article Summaries

Explanation : मोहम्मद तुगलक को इतिहासकार माउंटस्टुअर्ट एल्फिंस्टन ने पागल कहा था। जबकि इतिहासकार ईश्वरी प्रसाद ने 'मनोवैज्ञानिक इतिहास का उपयोग करते हुए यह सिद्ध किया था कि मुहम्मद बिन तुगलक पागल नहीं था, जैसा कि पहली बार एल्फिस्टन ने कहा था। बल्कि वह दिल्ली सल्तनत का सबसे योग्य एवं शिक्षित शासक था। वही मुहम्मद तुगलक के नकारात्मक पक्ष को दिखाते हुए बरनी कहता है कि वह जल्दबाज, गरम मिजाज और सलाहों को महत्त्व नहीं देता था। इब्नबतूता का कहना है कि वह अत्यधिक इनाम और दंड देता है। मुहम्मद-बिन-तुगलक की प्रसिद्धि का प्रमुख कारण उसकी विभिन्न योजनाएँ थीं, जो अपेक्षित रूप से सफल नहीं रहीं। इसको विरासत में एक विशाल साम्राज्य प्राप्त हुआ था और सुल्तान मुहम्मद-बिन-तुगलक स्वयं एक महान् योद्धा और सेनापति था, जिसने अपने पिता के काल में अनेक विजय अभियानों का नेतृत्व किया था। इसके बावजूद इसके शासन के उत्तरार्द्ध में अनेक विद्रोह हुए और अनेक राज्य स्वतन्त्र हो गए। Tags :

Tughluq: Major projects, agrarian measures, bureaucracy of Muhammad Tughluq: Part II Bureaucracy of Muhammad Tughluq • To implement his progressive ideas, he needed a progressive administrative machinery. His approach towards the nobility was not based on racial, or on narrow religious considerations. selfstudyhistory.com • He welcomed not only those families which had been settled in India for long, and had served previous rulers but also admitted to the service persons from the artisan or other classes/castes despised by the Turks, such as gardeners, barbers, cooks, weavers, wine-distillers, musicians, etc. • Composition of Mohammad Bin Tughlaq’s bureaucracy – • Turks were the ruling elites from the beginning of the Delhi Sultanate and they continued to be part of Tughlaq’s bureaucracy. • Foreign elements – Tughlaq gave great patronage to foreigners and called them aziz (friend) and gave them lavish gifts. Foreigners included Khurasanis, Afghans, Mongols etc. For ex – Malik Makh, Malik Shahu were Afghan nobles. • Indian converts – like Aziz-ud-din Khammar, a distiller, was made Governor of Malwa. • Hindus – Bhiran Rai, Sai Raj Dhara, Barani mentions Kishan Bazran Indri who was made governor of Sehwan (Sindh). • Religious classes – Muhammad bin Tughlaq also tried to induct into the administration members of the religious classes, especially the sufis. • Artisans or other classes despised by the Turks, such as gardeners, barbers, cooks, weavers, wine-distillers, musicians ...

Explanation : अलाउद्दीन खिलजी के सेनाध्यक्षों में से गाजी मलिक तुगलक वंश का प्रथम सुल्तान बना था। गियासुद्दीन तुगलक का नाम गाजी तुगलक अथवा गाजी मलिक था, जलालुद्दीन के समय में वह सैनिक था। अपनी योग्यता से वह प्रगति करता गया और 1315 में अलाउद्दीन ने उसे दिपालपुर का सूबेदार और सीमा रक्षक नियुक्त किया। उसी पद पर रहते हुए गाजी मलिक ने खुसरवशाह को समाप्त करके दिल्ली के सिंहासन पर अधिकार कर लिया तथा 8 सितम्बर 1320 ई. को सुल्तान बन गया।