Napoleon invaded italy in

Conquest Napoleon initially faced two armies, one Austrian and one from Piedmont. If they had united, they would have outnumbered Napoleon, but they were hostile to each other and didn’t. Piedmont was unhappy at being involved and Napoleon resolved to defeat it first. He attacked quickly, turning from one enemy to another, and managed to force Piedmont to leave the war entirely by forcing them on a large retreat, breaking their will to continue, and signing the Treaty of Cherasco. The Austrians retreated, and less than a month after arriving in Italy, Napoleon had Lombardy. At the start of May, Napoleon crossed the Po to chase an Austrian army, defeated their rear-guard at the battle of Lodi, where the French stormed a well-defended bridge head on. It did wonders for Napoleon’s reputation despite it being a skirmish that could have been avoided if Napoleon had waited a few days for the Austrian retreat to continue. Napoleon next took Milan, where he established a republican government. The effect on the army’s morale was great, but on Napoleon, it was arguably greater: he began to believe he could do remarkable things. Lodi is arguably the starting point of Napoleon’s rise. Napoleon now besieged Mantua but the German part of the French plan had not even begun and Napoleon had to halt. He spent the time intimidating cash and submissions from the rest of Italy. Around $60 million francs in cash, bullion, and jewels had so far been gathered. Art was equally in demand by the c...

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • The Italian campaigns of the The campaign of 1796-1797 brought prominence to First Coalition (1792–1797) [ ] The The conflict soon escalated with A further offensive, also designed by General Bonaparte to exploit the victory at Saorgio, was called off under orders from war minister The main focus of the war then shifted north to the Rhine, until 29 June 1795, when the Austrians launched an attack against the depleted and poorly supplied French Army of Italy. Nominally 107,000-strong, the Army of Italy could only manage to field an effective force of about 30,000. Kellermann, who had resumed command, appealed to Carnot for reinforcements. Instead, General Bonaparte was appointed to the general staff where he devised a third plan for an attack towards Bonaparte's war [ ] Following a short respite in hostilities Schérer resigned [ why?] and Bonaparte was appointed commander-in-chief on 2 March 1796. The motives for Bonaparte's appointment were most likely political. On 9 March, Bonaparte had married Bonaparte launched attacks almost immediately after he arrived on the front on 27 March. His 37,000 men and 60 guns were facing more than 50,000 Allied troops in the theatre. His only chance of support came from Kellermann's Army of the Alps, which was faced by a further 20,000 Allied troops. Bonaparte had no chance of gaining reinforcements as the Republican war effort was being concentrated on the massive offensives planned on the Rhine....

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • popolo and the formation of the signorie in central and northern Italy • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • The Northern and central Italy Soon after Napoleon claimed the title of emperor in 1804, the Italian Republic became a kingdom, proclaimed on March 17, 1805. Napoleon, as king of Italy, appointed his stepson, départements of the Illyrian provinces. The As emperor of France and king of Italy, Napoleon directly controlled all of northern and central Italy. During his rule, far-reaching reforms were instituted. Although the new Italian legal The The In the south, after the repression and executions of 1799, the galantuomini (“honourable men”). Fiscal, judicial, and educational reforms, similar to those introduced in the Kingdom of Italy, were implemented in Naples. Meanwhile, both The end of French rule The Napoleonic regime collapsed in Italy as it did in the rest of armistice of Schiarino-Rizzino (April 16, 1814), Beauharnais was able to retain control of

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Napoleon’s 1796 invasion of Italy was one of the most significant campaigns of his career. It was the offensive that turned him from a rising star into a commander with an unassailable reputation for excellence. It began a string of French victories and Napoleon’s rise from leading an army to leading a nation. Old Tools, New Tactics The army with which Napoleon waged war in Italy was the same as that of pre-revolutionary France. Similar weapons, unit organization, and drill manuals were implemented. The forces that met in Italy were little different from those of the Seven Years War. What was different was the way in which Napoleon fought. He moved with surprising speed around the Italian Peninsula. His troops arrived long before their opponents expected them. On the battlefield, he showed a swiftness, decisiveness, and flexibility his opponents could not match. Napoleon. Halldór Axel – CC BY-SA 4.0 Into Italy When Napoleon invaded Italy in the spring of 1796, it was not a united country. The peninsula consisted of a series of city-states, including the sovereign territory of the Pope. The Austrians dominated the region, through both direct rule and their powerful political influence on, theoretically, independent powers. Montenotte and Piedmont Colonel Rampon Defending Monte Legino Redoubt by René Théodore Berthon. The first significant action in Italy came at Montenotte on April 12. Napoleon blocked a pass then lured an Austrian force in by having part of his army retrea...

The French Army in Italy was a failing army but was revitalized in 1796 by the arrival of Napoleon and his dynamic leadership style that allowed his soldiers to realize their potential. The soldiers were unpaid and underfed; they were clothed in rags and often had no shoes. The artillery park was not maintained properly and the cavalry had unsuitable mounts, if any. The soldiers in the army were suffering from malnutrition and illness to such a degree that out of a paper strength of 42,000 only 30,000 soldiers were considered battle ready. Napoleon arrived in Italy and took command on March 27 th, 1796. The conditions he found upon arrival were atrocious; the army was unpaid, underfed, and falling apart. In fact, on the day of his arrival he had to deal with a battalion that had mutinied. He reacted forcefully, court-martialing the commander and disbanding the unit. Napoleon did much to reform the army; he demanded that the Directory send him money to pay the soldiers and when they failed to do so he used his own methods to get money to pay them. He had his generals scour the countryside for funds and secured loans to pay his troops. It was also at this time that he showed the strength of his oratory and presaged his future policy of living off the land in conquered territory. Â His pronouncements to the troops on March 27, th 1796, read, “Soldiers, you are naked, ill fed! The Government owes you much; it can give you nothing. Your patience, the courage you display in the ...

Introduction The army Napoleon inherited was in a terrible condition. By 1796 the French armies on the Rhine were seen as the most important, and the Army of Italy was badly paid, badly provisioned and often badly under strength. By the time Napoleon had somewhere between 37,000 and 47,000 men at his disposal, spread out from the pass of Tenda at their left almost to Genoa at their right. The army was split into three divisions, commanded by In theory the French were outnumbered, but the 60,000 Allied troops facing them across the Apennines were split into two armies – 25,000 Piedmontese troops south of Turin and 35,000 Austrian troops further east. The two Allied armies did not cooperate well, and would soon be forced apart. Napoleon would then face a series of Austrian armies sent across the Alps in an attempt to lift the siege of Mantua, and may have taken as many as 150,000 prisoners during the course of the campaign. At the start of his Italian campaign Napoleon's army was stretched out along the coast from Nice towards Genoa, with the Apennine Mountains between him and the Austrian and Piedmontese armies. The main Austrian army, under the command of Napoleon's entry into Italy, 1796 Napoleon planned to split these two armies, and defeat then in turn. He sent a messenger to the senate of neutral Genoa, asking for permission to advance through their territory. As Napoleon expected permission was refused, and the Austrians were informed of the request. Napoleon also sen...