Neutral citation meaning

Case law is law established by judicial decision in cases. When citing to a printed law reporter, the traditional form of legal citation requires these elements: • case name (also known as the style of cause) in italics • v to separate names (indicates language of case is English) in italics • year of decision in round brackets followed by a comma[or a comma, then the year of publication in square brackets if the year is needed to identify the book] • volume number • standard abbreviation of printed reporter title (i.e. DLR for Dominion Law Reports) • series number in round brackets, if included • page • court abbreviation in round brackets, only if not included in the reporter name General Citation Case Name (Year), Vol. # Reporter Title (Series#) Page (Court Abbreviation). Example R v Latimer (1995), 126 DLR (4th) 203 (Sask CA). R v Latimer is the case name, 1995 is the year of decision, volume 126 clearly identifies the exact volume so the year does not need to be in square brackets, DLR for Dominion Law Reports, 4th series, case beginning on page 203, as heard by the Saskatchewan Court of Appeal which is abbreviated Sask CA. APA In Text/ Parenthetical Citation: ( Case Name, Year, Page or Paragraph number if required) Example: ( R v Latimer, 1995) Citing from the Supreme Court of Canada Reports (SCR) The SCR (Supreme Court of Canada Reports) uses square brackets. Put the comma before the date of the volume. Do not put the (SCC) court abbreviation at the end of the citat...

From UPSC perspective, the following things are important : Prelims level : Neutral Citiation Mains level : Not Much The CJI expressed hope that High Courts too would follow neutral citation for their judgments. The Delhi, Kerala, and Madras HCs have already introduced neutral citation. What is a “Citation”? • A case citation is essentially an identification tag for a judgment. • Typically, it would contain a reference number, the year of the judgment, the name of the court that delivered that judgment, and a shorthand for the journal publishing the judgment. And what is a neutral citation? • A neutral citation would mean that the court would assign its own citation — distinct from those given by traditional Law Reporters. • Law Reporters are periodicals or annual digests that publish judgments, often with an editorial note to make it accessible for lawyers to refer to precedents. • For example, for the landmark Kesavananda Bharati case, the citation in ‘Supreme Court Cases’, a journal published by the Eastern Book Company, is (1973) 4 SCC 225. • In the All India Reporter (AIR), the citation is AIR 1973 SC 1461. Why is a neutral system good or necessary? • Judgments mention citations while referring to precedents and often use citations from different Law Reporters. • With artificial intelligence (AI) enabled translation of judgments and transcribing of court proceedings, a uniform citation is necessary. • Several High Courts including Delhi High Court have started a neutr...

Correct citation allows researchers to identify and locate sources by providing the maximum information in an efficient and consistent manner. The following is a brief introduction to the McGill Guide citation style. Only the most frequently used rules are highlighted and summarized here. To ensure you are following the correct McGill Guide format, always refer to the full guide. Canadian The Canadian Guide to Uniform Legal Citation, 9th ed (Toronto: Carswell, 2018). • referred to as the McGill Guide. • In print at the law library: [KE 259 .C34 2018 Course Reserves] • Electronically: • The Guide's citation format is also now part of HeinOnline's citation tool repertoire. The McGill Guide provides comprehensive rules for citing case law, legislation, periodicals, books and parliamentary material for Canada, the U.K., the U.S. and other jurisdictions. It also includes a section on citing international documents. U of T Law students use the McGill Guide to cite all Canadian, British and American legal resources, unless otherwise instructed. The American The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation, 20th ed (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard Law Review Association, 2015). • In print at the law library: [KF 245 B58 2015 Course Reserves] • See the • When writing for publication in an American journal, The Bluebook is the standard citation guide. See McGill Guide, Chapter 3: "Jurisprudence." Case citations should be selected according to the following hierarchy ( • Neutral Citation (a uniqu...

A Neutral Citation Standard for Case Law Implementation of the Neutral Citation Standard for Case Law across Canada For each court listed below, the cited judgment is the first - or one of the first, when the first is not available online - to display an official neutral core of the citation. The month between parentheses besides the court official name corresponds to the first month of application of the Standard by this court. The last update was done in February 2007. Federal level • Arsenault-Cameron v. Prince Edward Island, 2000SCC1 • Arsenault-Cameron c. Île-du-Prince-Édouard, 2000CSC1 • Canada Post Corp. v. Canada (Minister of Public Works), 2004FC1 • Société canadienne des postes c. Canada (Ministre des Travaux publics), 2004CF1 • Bouvidard Ltée. v. Canada (Employment Insurance Commission), 2001FCA1 • Bouvidard Ltée. c. Canada (Commission de l'assurance emploi), 2001CAF1 • Rodier v. The Queen, 2003TCC1 • Rodier c. La Reine, 2003CCI1 • Lieutenant-Colonel Tony Battista v. The Queen, 2001CMAC1 • Lieutenant-Colonel Tony Battista c. La Reine, 2001CACM1 • Commissioner of Competition v. Quebecor Inc., 2000Comp.Trib.1 • Commissaire de la concurrence c. Quebecor inc, 2001Trib.conc.1 • Desormeaux v. Commission de transport régionale d'Ottawa-Carleton, 2003CHRT2 • Desormeaux c. Commission de transport régionale d'Ottawa-Carleton, 2003TCDP2 • Kreuger v. Treasury Board (Revenue Canada - Customs, Excise & Taxation), 2000PSSRB1 • Kreuger c. Conseil du Trésor (Revenu Canada - Doua...

Legal Citations – The Neutral Citation ( McGill Guide, 3.5) Neutral citations are assigned by the courts as they render their judgments. They allow us to identify a case without reference to a printed reporter. A neutral citation indicates: • the year of the decision; • the level and the jurisdiction of the court; and, • a chronological number (indicating the number of decisions that court has released to date that year). However, a neutral citation does not provide the information required to actually locate the case (i.e. the reporter information). Nevertheless, the neutral citation is incredibly helpful when searching for case law electronically. • Although a neutral citation contains no information about the particular reporter or reporters in which it was published, you can easily track this info down by searching an online legal database using the neutral citation. • Service providers like CanLII, WestlawNext Canada, and LexisNexis/Quicklaw let you search their databases using the neutral citation. But remember, a core citation to a printed reporter is still required according to the McGill Guide. • A neutral citation can only be used by itself if the judgment has not yet been printed in a reporter or published online. See Fig 1.1. Fig 1.1 Neutral Citation Remember, neutral citations are a relatively new creation. • Courts only began assigning neutral citations to their decisions in 1999 or so. The Supreme Court of Canada was the first Canadian court to adopt this pr...

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Citing cases Case law contains judgments published by courts and tribunals. Unpublished judgments are known as cases with medium neutral citations. A judgment may then be published in a law report. AGLC4 rule 2 sets all the different examples of how to reference cases. This guide will provide examples on the rules for referencing cases which have been reported in published law reports, and other rules on how to reference unreported judgments. Note Case citations can have square brackets [ ] or round brackets ( ) depending on how the law report series is organised. To ensure you reference a case correctly, make sure to transcribe the case details exactly as they are provided from your source. Refer to AGLC4 rule 2.2.1 'Year and Volume' for more information. What is 'medium neutral citation'? Medium neutral citation was developed to cope with the delivery medium of the internet, The old way of citing was based on describing something published in the book format. Medium neutral citation doesn't depend on the medium of publication to make sense. Medium neutral citations tells you that the case is published on the internet. Medium neutral citation: • refers to a court, rather than a reporting series • uses a court-assigned number to identify the case rather than a volume and page number • uses paragraph numbers rather than page numbers for pinpoint references, eg. when quoting directly from a case in an assessment. The basic formula for medium neutral citation is covered by ru...

New Zealand Law Style Guide . These are not official and should not be used. Eg Commerce Commission v Telecom Mobile Ltd [2006] 1 NZLR 190 (CA). NOT Commerce Commission v Telecom Mobile Ltd [2005] NZCA 218, [2006] 1NZLR 190. If a case has an official neutral citation, it is usually included on the first page of the printed report. (b)Format Give the neutral citation in accordance with rule (c)Comma Separate the neutral citation and the reported citation with a comma. Eg Chief Executive of Department of Labour v Yadegary [2008] NZCA 295, [2009] 2 NZLR 495. Where a footnote includes reference to multiple cases, separate each case with a semicolon. Eg 10 Premium Real Estate Ltd v Stevens [2009] NZSC 15, [2009] 2 NZLR 384 at [32]; and Chirnside v Fay [2006] NZSC 68, [2007] 1 NZLR 433. 3.2.3 Year (a)Round or square brackets Law reports may be organised by year or volume number. If the law report is organised by year, the year in which the case is reported is enclosed in square brackets. This may not be the year in which the case was decided. Eg Boat Park Ltd v Hutchinson [1999] 2 NZLR 74 (CA). If the law report is organised by volume number, the year in which the case was decided is enclosed in round brackets. Where a case was heard in one year but the judgment was delivered in another, use the year the judgment was delivered. When citing from a law report organised by volume number, give the year the case was decided even if the law report recommends giving the year in which t...

Definitions (this page, at right) Associations that have taken positions on universal citation: • • What other jurisdictions are doing • • • • How muchdo printed case reporters cost? • How long does it take to get the page number in a printed reporterfor a permanent citation? • CAP is an unprecedented digital, machine-readable collection of case law. • For legal tech innovators to make full use of a state's historicalcase law on CAP, that state must implement universal citation. universal citation :a system of citation that permits reference to legal information in any medium, print or electronic, without requiring reference to proprietary products of any particular publisher. For example, auniversal citation to case law mightconsistof five sequential data elements: • case name • year • court • opinion number • paragraph number For example: Smith v. Jones, 2020 SC 453¶ 82. ¶¶6, 27-28 medium-neutral citation : a citationconsistingof data elements that retain their meaning regardless of theformat in which the case is published, printed or electronic. For example, page numbering is not medium-neutral because a case can beprinted in a variety of font sizes or margin widths that will alter page numbering, and an electronic version may use a scrollbar or other navigation tools without page numbering. vendor-neutral citation : a citation that contains no proprietary data elements and makes no reference to a proprietary publication. For example, when a court isthe source of the op...