Niger

Contents • 1 Etymology • 2 History • 2.1 Prehistory • 2.2 Empires and kingdoms in pre-colonial Niger • 2.2.1 Mali Empire (1200s–1400s) • 2.2.2 Songhai Empire (1000s–1591) • 2.2.3 Sultanate of Aïr (1400s–1906) • 2.2.4 Kanem–Bornu Empire (700s–1700s) • 2.2.5 The Hausa states and other smaller kingdoms (1400s–1800s) • 2.3 Colonial (1900–58) • 2.4 Post-colonial (1960–) • 2.4.1 Diori years (1960–74) • 2.4.2 First military regime (1974–1991) • 2.4.3 National Conference and Third Republic (1991–1996) • 2.4.4 Second military regime and third military regime (1996–1999) • 2.4.5 Fifth Republic (1999–2009) • 2.4.6 Fourth military regime (2009–2010) • 2.4.7 Seventh Republic (2010–) • 3 Geography • 3.1 Climate • 3.2 Biodiversity • 4 Governance and politics • 4.1 Foreign relations • 4.2 Military • 4.3 Judicial system • 4.4 Law enforcement • 4.5 Government finance • 4.5.1 Foreign aid • 4.6 Administrative divisions • 4.7 Largest cities and towns • 5 Economy • 6 Demographics • 6.1 Urban settlements • 6.2 Ethnic groups • 6.3 Languages • 6.4 Religion • 6.4.1 Islam • 6.5 Education • 6.6 Health • 7 Culture • 7.1 Festivals and cultural events • 7.1.1 Guérewol festival • 7.1.2 Cure Salée festival • 7.2 Media • 8 See also • 9 References • 9.1 Notes • 10 Sources • 11 External links Stone tools, some dating as far back as 280,000 BC, have been found in The Societies continued to grow with regional differentiation in agricultural and funerary practices. A culture of this period is the Empires and ki...

Niger Niger is a landlocked country in West Africa that is named after the Niger River. Nigeria and Benin border it to the south, Mali and Burkina Faso to the west, Libya and Algeria to the north, and Chad to the east. Its total area is 1,270,000 sq. km and 80 percent of Niger is covered by the Sahara. Its population of more than 22,919,867 million people are mostly Muslim and live in the south and west. Niamey is the capital city. Desertification and drought threaten the non-desert locations. Subsistence agriculture is a major part of the economy outside export areas in the fertile south and uranium ore. Poor education, poverty, the landlocked desert terrain, poor infrastructure, and environmental degradation handicap the country. The country has diversity that comes from the histories of its ethnic groups. Niger has been on the edges of several large states. There have been five constitutions and three periods of military rule since independence. Most people live in rural areas and do not have access to education. History Five thousand years ago, the area that is now Niger was fertile grasslands, Paintings of wildlife, domesticated animals, and chariots date to at least 10,000 BCE. Early Historical Period In the 15th century, the Songhai Empire expanded into Niger and reached to Agadez before collapsing in 1591. A series of Songhai states then formed, with the Dendi Kingdom the most powerful. Tuareg nomads moved south in the 13th century in large federations and displace...

For other uses, see In the nigger is a nigger have been progressively replaced by the " the N-word", notably in cases where nigger is nigger is also used casually and fraternally among African Americans, most commonly in the form of The word nigger, then spelled in English neger or niger, appeared in the 16th century as an adaptation of nigger became increasingly seen as controversial regardless of its context or intent. Because the word nigger has historically "wreaked symbolic violence, often accompanied by physical violence", it began to disappear from general popular culture from the second part of the 20th century onward, at the exception of cases derived from eradicationists) calling for the total abandonment of its usage (even under the variant nigga), which they see as contributing to the "construction of an identity founded on self-hate". nigger in classic works of literature (as in By extension of its derogatory connotation, the word nigger has also been historically used to designate "any person considered to be of low social status" (as in the expression Contents • 1 Etymology and history • 1.1 Early use • 1.2 18th- and 19th-century United States • 1.3 20th-century United States • 2 Usage • 2.1 In names of people, places and things • 2.2 Political use • 2.3 Cultural use • 2.4 In an academic setting • 2.5 In the workplace • 2.6 Intra-group versus intergroup usage • 2.6.1 2010s: increase in use and controversy • 3 Related words • 3.1 Derivatives • 3.2 The N-word ...

• • • • • The landlocked West African country of Niger occupies an area of 1,267,000 sq. km. As visible on the physical map above, large parts of Niger is covered by the Sahara Desert. In the north, the Air Mountains punctuate the Sahara desert in a north-south direction with a series of nine massifs. The highest point of the country, Mont Idoukal-n-Taghes at 2,022 m (marked on the map), is located in the south-central region of the Air Mountains. Another highland region is found to the northeast and comprises a series of high plateaus including Djado, Mangueni, and Tchigaï in the west to east direction. The Tenere Desert (shown on the map), part of the Sahara, is covered by an erg and a reg. The southern part of the country features a stretch of the Sahel region that extends from the southwestern border with Burkina Faso to Lake Chad in the southeast. The Niger River is the main river of the country and has the lowest point of the nation at 200 m. The Niger River basin and Lake Chad basin are the major drainage basins in Niger. Regions of Niger Map Niger has seven major administrative divisions called regions. They are Agadez, Diffa, Dosso, Maradi, Tahoua, Tillaberi, and Zinder. The country also has a capital district called Niamey which serves as the national capital. The regions of Niger are further subdivided into Departments and communes. Several other smaller divisions make governance more convenient. With an area of 667,799 sq. km, Agadez is the largest region of Ni...