Pilgrim

When the While it’s popularly thought that the Pilgrims fled “The Pilgrims actually had no reason to leave the Dutch Republic in order to go to America to seek religious toleration—because they already had it,” says New World, Inc.: The Making of America by England’s Merchant Adventurers. “Therefore, you have to look for other reasons as to why they might have risked the dangers of going across to the New World—and one of the big reasons was commercial.” READ MORE: The Pilgrims’ Dutch Sojourn Left Them Poor and Disillusioned Prayer of the Pilgrim Fathers leaving Delfshaven in Rotterdam, Netherlands. Like tens of millions of newcomers who would follow in their wake to America, the Pilgrims were economic migrants. After working for more than a decade in Leiden’s textile industry, the Pilgrims possessed little beyond their religious freedom. The former farmers lived in poverty, laboring long hours for low pay by weaving, spinning and making cloth. The Pilgrims’ economic hardship made it exceedingly difficult to convince their fellow separatists to join them in Leiden, no matter their religious rights. “Some preferred and chose the prisons in England rather than this liberty in Holland with these afflictions,” Pilgrim leader As the Pilgrims’ economic prospects further dimmed with the collapse of the wool market, the onset of the “The Pilgrims wanted their children to be English citizens, not Dutch citizens,” Targett says. “But if they were going to leave, they wouldn’t be able...

On an autumn night in 1607, a furtive group of men, women and children set off in a relay of small boats from the English village of Scrooby, in pursuit of the immigrant's oldest dream, a fresh start in another country. These refugees, who would number no more than 50 or 60, we know today as Pilgrims. In their day, they were called Separatists. Whatever the label, they must have felt a mixture of fear and hope as they approached the dimly lit creek, near the Lincolnshire port of Boston, where they would steal aboard a ship, turn their backs on a tumultuous period of the Reformation in England and head across the North Sea to the Netherlands. There, at least, they would have a chance to build new lives, to worship as they chose and to avoid the fate of fellow Separatists like John Penry, Henry Barrow and John Greenwood, who had been hanged for their religious beliefs in 1593. Like the band of travelers fleeing that night, religious nonconformists were seen as a threat to the Church of England and its supreme ruler, King James I. James' cousin, Queen Elizabeth I (1533-1603), had made concerted efforts to reform the church after Henry VIII's break with the Roman Catholic faith in the 1530s. But as the 17th century got under way at the end of her long reign, many still believed that the new church had done too little to distinguish itself from the old one in Rome. In the view of these reformers, the Church of England needed to simplify its rituals, which still closely resemble...

The basic clothing for men would be: • Shirt • Doublet • Breeches • Stockings • Lachet shoes • Hat, either broad-brimmed or flat Slops were commonly used in addition to breeches in the 1620s. Slops were full, with lots of gathered fabric around the waist and legs and ended just above the knee. Both breeches and slops were worn high; your waist size should be measured at the bellybutton. The seam of the doublet (not including the skirting) should sit at the bellybutton. We know that the th century were more of a brick red or a madder red, which is a little more orange in nature than modern reds. What was considered black in the early 17 th century was a little different than what we think of as black today. Very dark greys, greens and blues might count as poor versions of black, and natural black sheep’s wool was also available. The deep, rich black was broadly expensive and was the opposite of demonstrating piety in the early 17 th century. Thus, a true black would not have worn by our Pilgrim ancestors. In 17 th Century England and in the Netherlands, there were two basic fabrics that were used for clothing: wool and linen. Silk was also available and used for fancy wear. Light leather was used for men’s clothing in doublets and jerkins but was not used in women’s wear. There was combination of wool and linen known as fustian corduroy that was also used; however, finding this fabric today is almost impossible. A type of brushed cotton moleskin is available in some fabric ...

The first Pilgrims to reach America seeking religious freedom were English and settled in Massachusetts. Right? Well, not so fast. Some fifty years before the Mayflower left port, a band of French colonists came to the New World. Like the later English Pilgrims, these Protestants were victims of religious wars, raging across France and much of Europe. And like those later Pilgrims, they too wanted religious freedom and the chance for a new life. But they also wanted to attack Spanish treasure ships sailing back from the Americas.Their story is at the heart of the following excerpt from America's Hidden History: Untold Tales of the First Pilgrims, Fighting Women, and Forgotten Founders Who Shaped a Nation. It is a story of America's birth and baptism in a religious bloodbath. A few miles south of St. Augustine sits Fort Mantanzas (the word is Spanish for "slaughters"). Now a national monument, the place reveals the "hidden history" behind America's true "first pilgrims," an episode that speaks volumes about the European arrival in the Americas and the most untidy religious struggles that shaped the nation. St. Augustine, Florida — September 1565 It was a storm-dark night in late summer as Admiral Pedro Menéndez pressed his army of 500 infantrymen up Florida's Atlantic Coast with a Crusader's fervor. Lashed by hurricane winds and sheets of driving rain, these 16th-century Spanish shock troops slogged through the tropical downpour in their heavy armor, carrying pikes, broadsw...

Ransomware Attack Triggers Multiple Lawsuits Against Harvard Pilgrim Healthcare & Point32Health Posted By Harvard Pilgrim Health Care and its parent company, Point32Health, are facing multiple class action lawsuits after hackers gained access to the protected health information (PHI) of more than 2.5 million individuals in an April 2023 ransomware attack. Point32Health is the second largest insurer in Massachusetts and serves more than 2.4 million customers. Point32Health was formed following the merger of Harvard Pilgrim Health Care and Tufts Health Plan in 2021. According to Point32Health, hackers gained access to Harvard Pilgrim’s systems on March 28, 2023, and maintained access to those systems until April 17, 2023, when the intrusion was detected and blocked. The attack was detected when ransomware was used to encrypt and prevent access to files. The forensic investigation confirmed the affected systems contained PHI such as names, addresses, phone numbers, birthdates, health insurance account information, Social Security numbers, provider taxpayer ID numbers, and clinical information and that information was in the files exfiltrated from its systems. Credit monitoring and identity theft protection services have been offered to affected individuals at no cost for 2 years. Progress has been made in recovering from the attack over the past 7 weeks; however, the IT systems that support the Harvard Pilgrim Health Care commercial and Medicare Advantage Stride health plans ...