Pituitary gland diagram

• Identify the 3 families of anterior pituitary hormones and their main structural differences. • Understand the mechanisms that regulate anterior pituitary hormone production and describe the actions of tropic hormones on target organs. • Diagram the short-loop and long-loop negative feedback control of anterior pituitary hormone secretion. • Predict the changes in secretory rates of hypothalamic anterior pituitary and target gland hormones caused by oversecretion or undersecretion of any of these hormones or receptor deficit for any of these hormones. • Explain the importance of pulsatile and diurnal hormone secretion. Anterior pituitary hormones, target organs, and physiologic effects. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulates the thyroid gland to produce and release thyroid hormones that regulate growth, differentiation, and energy balance. Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulate gonadal production of sex steroids, which mediate reproductive function and behavior. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulates the adrenal glands to produce steroid hormones, which regulate water and sodium balance, inflammation, and metabolism. Prolactin (Prl) stimulates breast development and milk production. Growth hormone (GH) exerts direct effects on tissue growth and differentiation and indirect effects through the stimulation of insulin-like growth factor 1 production, which mediates some of the growth and differentiation effects of GH. Table 3–...

Endocrine system The endocrine system includes the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries and testicles. Hypopituitarism is a rare disorder in which your pituitary gland fails to produce one or more hormones, or doesn't produce enough hormones. The pituitary gland is a kidney-bean-sized gland situated at the base of your brain. It is part of your body's endocrine system, which consists of all the glands that produce and regulate hormones. Despite its small size, the pituitary gland creates and releases a number of hormones that act on nearly every part of your body. Hypopituitarism is when you have a short supply (deficiency) of one or more of the pituitary hormones. These hormone deficiencies can affect any number of your body's routine functions, such as growth, blood pressure or reproduction. Symptoms typically vary, based on which hormone or hormones you are missing. If you have hypopituitarism, you'll likely need to take medication for the rest of your life. Medication helps replace the missing hormones, which helps control your symptoms. Symptoms The signs and symptoms of hypopituitarism usually develop gradually and get worse over time. They are sometimes subtle and may be overlooked for months or even years. But for some people, signs and symptoms develop suddenly. Signs and symptoms of hypopituitarism vary from person to person, depending on which pituitary hormones are affected and to what degree. In people who have ...

Glossary of Endocrine System Terms and Terminology • Hormones: Natural chemical substances that control, manage and coordinate several bodily functions throughout the body • Gland: An organ that secretes and releases a substance. • Exocrine gland: A gland that secretes a substance to the exterior part of the body • Endocrine gland: A gland that secretes and releases hormones into the blood which goes to target organ(s) in the body • Homeostasis: Bodily balance • The hypothalamus: Also referred to as the "master gland", this endocrine system gland is housed near the base of the skull just above the pituitary gland and it performs several roles • The pituitary gland: The endocrine system gland that is housed near the base of the skull just below the hypothalamus gland that performs several roles • The pineal gland: The small endocrine system gland that is in the brain and relatively close to the hypothalamus and the pituitary glands of the endocrine system and that regulates sleep and wake cycles • Circadian rhythm: The normal human being's 24 hour cycle of sleep and wakefulness. • Diurnal beings: Day time active and nighttime sleep beings • Nocturnal beings: Nighttime active and daytime sleep beings • The thyroid: The endocrine system gland that lies in the neck and secretes several endocrine hormones • The parathyroids: The four endocrine system glands that lie on both sides of the thyroid gland in the neck and that control the amount of circulating calcium and phosphorous...

About the size of a small pea, the pituitary gland, also known as “the master gland,” plays a crucial role in regulating hormone production from most of the other glands in the body. This being the case, it’s essential to numerous functions as well as overall health. Sitting in the brain between its Ariel Skelley / Getty Images Anatomy Structure The pea-sized pituitary gland is composed of both anterior and posterior lobes; in adults, the vertical diameter is approximately 8mm, with the horizontal circumference found to be 12 millimeters (mm). These are encased in a tough membrane (dura), and just beneath another such membrane, the sellar diaphragm, which has an opening to allow a structure called the infundibular stalk to exit the gland. • Anterior pituitary lobe: This front-facing portion is the largest of the pituitary gland. The anterior pituitary lobe is responsible for the synthesis of most pituitary hormones. It consists of the pars distalis, a structure composed of strings of specialized cells that secrete hormones associated with growth and development (trophic hormones). The pars tuberalis is a part that surrounds the infundibular stalk, and the pars intermedia is a thin band of cells that separates the pars distalis from the posterior pituitary lobe. • Posterior pituitary lobe: The rear-facing lobe of the gland is an extension of the hypothalamus brain region that is connected to the main body via the infundibular stalk, which is itself considered a part of the ...

Overview The pituitary gland is located at the base of your brain, below your hypothalamus. What is the pituitary gland? Your pituitary gland (also known as hypophysis) is a small, pea-sized gland located at the base of your brain below your A gland is an organ that makes one or more substances, such as hormones, digestive juices, sweat or tears. Endocrine glands release hormones directly into your bloodstream. Hormones are chemicals that coordinate different functions in your body by carrying messages through your blood to various organs, skin, Your pituitary gland is divided into two main sections: the Which hormones does the pituitary gland make? The anterior lobe of your pituitary gland makes and releases the following hormones: • Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH or corticotrophin): ACTH plays a role in how your body responds to stress. It stimulates your adrenal glands to produce • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): FSH stimulates sperm production in people assigned male at birth. FSH stimulates the ovaries to produce estrogen and plays a role in egg development in people assigned female at birth. This is known as a gonadotrophic hormone. • Growth hormone (GH): In children, growth hormone stimulates growth. In other words, it helps children grow taller. In adults, growth hormone helps maintain healthy muscles and bones and impacts fat distribution. GH also impacts your • Luteinizing hormone (LH): LH stimulates • Prolactin: Prolactin stimulates breast milk production...