Protozoa diagram

\( \newcommand\) • • • Protozoa are a diverse group of unicellular eukaryotic organisms, many of which can cause disease. Key Points • Examples of human diseases caused by protozoa are: malaria, amoebiasis, giardiasis, toxoplasmosis, cryptosporidiosis, trichomoniasis, Chagas disease, leishmaniasis, and dysentery. • The life stages of these protozoa play a major role in their ability to function as pathogens and infect various hosts. • Protozoa were regarded as the partner-group of protists to protophyta, which have plant-like behavior (e.g., photosynthesis). In general, protozoa are referred to as animal-like protists because they are capable of movement, or motile. • Some protozoa are human parasites, causing diseases. Key Terms • trophozoite: A protozoan in the feeding stage of its life cycle. • protozoa: Protozoa are a diverse group of unicellular eukaryotic organisms, many of which are motile. Originally, protozoa had been defined as unicellular protists with animal-like behavior, e.g., movement. Protozoa were regarded as the partner group of protists to protophyta, which have plant-like behavior, e.g., photosynthesis. • dormant cyst: A resting or dormant stage of a microorganism • cyst: a pouch or sac without opening, usually membranous and containing morbid matter, which develops in one of the natural cavities or in the substance of an organ Protozoa (or protozoans) are a diverse group of unicellular eukaryotic organisms, many of which are motile. Originally, protozo...

\( \newcommand\) • • • • • • • • • • Microorganisms make up a large part of the planet’s living material and play a major role in maintaining the Earth’s ecosystem. Key Points • Microorganisms are divided into seven types: bacteria, archaea, protozoa, algae, fungi, viruses, and multicellular animal parasites ( helminths ). • Each type has a characteristic cellular composition, morphology, mean of locomotion, and reproduction. • Microorganisms are beneficial in producing oxygen, decomposing organic material, providing nutrients for plants, and maintaining human health, but some can be pathogenic and cause diseases in plants and humans. Key Terms • Gram stain: A method of differentiating bacterial species into two large groups (Gram-positive and Gram-negative). • peptidoglycan: A polymer of glycan and peptides found in bacterial cell walls. Microorganisms or microbes are microscopic organisms that exist as unicellular, multicellular, or cell clusters. Microorganims are widespread in nature and are beneficial to life, but some can cause serious harm. They can be divided into six major types: bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, algae, and viruses. Bacteria Bacteria are unicellular organisms. The cells are described as prokaryotic because they lack a nucleus. They exist in four major shapes: bacillus (rod shape), coccus (spherical shape), spirilla (spiral shape), and vibrio (curved shape). Most bacteria have a peptidoglycan cell wall; they divide by binary fission; and they may...

Protozoans are the These are the animals that have a single cell yet live independently. They are • Ameoba • Euglena • Paramecium • Entamoeba • Trichomonas • Leishmania • Plasmodium • Trypanosoma • Giardia • Blanditidum • Vorticella • Stentors These Because of the single-celled feature, they resemble They perform all of their physiology, including reproduction, movement, and food collection, with that single cell. Protozoa Examples Include 1. Amoeba Amoeba without any specific shape and external organelles for movement. • Amoeba is a protozoan that has no specific shape. It is the most common protozoan found in freshwater. • They live independently and move in search of food. Most freshwater protozoa are microscopic. • They cannot be viewed with naked eyes and need the help of a microscope. But, the marine amoebas are big in size comparatively and are visible to the naked eye. • The structure is so simple, with no specialized appendages or sexual parts. • They move by pseudopodia, which are the extensions of the cell membrane and cytoplasm. • The cell has a contractile vacuole, which helps to remove excess water from the cell. • Since the cell cytoplasm is more hypertonic than the surrounding fresh water, the water tends to accumulate inside the cell. • The vacuole expels this accumulating water out. • They do not have a mouth but engulf solid particles by • They also drink dissolved forms of liquid nutrients by pinocytosis. Their food includes live microbes like bacteria ...

Plasmodium, a Plasmodium, which infects red blood cells in mammals (including humans), birds, and reptiles, occurs Five species cause human malaria: P. reichenowi and P. gaboni. P. falciparum, P. gaboni, and other species have been isolated from gorillas. Examples of parasites found in reptiles include P. mexicanum and P. floridense, and those in birds include P. relictum and P. juxtanucleare.